neurobrucellosis (n.b) is a rare and severe form of systemic brucella infection. we introduced an unusual case that “psychologic symptoms” was the most prominent complaints of his family. he was a 50-year-old man who has worked in butchery. his problems had begun 2 months prior to his admission with mood disorders, arthralgia, weakness, headache, and night sweats; he has recurrent crying with n...

Recently, I witnessed a T.V. programme depicting student life at an American Law School in which a somewhat vigorous competition developed between the Law Faculty and the Engineering Faculty over the power of a computer. It began with laying odds to the effect that the computer could produce a better case analysis than a student. After several students had failed the test, the illustrious profe...

In this paper, we want to farther advance the parallelism between models of the brain and computing machines. We want to apply the same idea underlying neuroimaging techniques to electronic computers. Applying this parallelism, we can address these two questions: (1) how far we can go with neuroimaging in understanding human mind? (foundational perspective); (2) can we understand what computers...

In his latest book, How Doctors Think, Dr. Groopman, a haematologist affiliated with Harvard Medical School, takes the readers on a tour of a wide range of medical fields while jumping swiftly back-and-forth between the physician and the patient's perspective. Most chapters open with the story of an individual patient and his doctor, whose interactions introduce us to an aspect of problem-solvi...

rtificial-intelligence research is Aundergoing a revolution To explain how and why, and to put John R. Searle’s argument in perspective, we first need a flashback. By the early 1950’s the old, vague question, Could a machine think? had been replaced by the more approachable question, Could a machine that manipulated physical symbols according to structure-sensitive rules think? This question wa...

For many years, computer scientists have been concerned with whether computers can think. Considerable thought, therefore, goes into designing “thinking” computer systems and into wondering whether they really can think or just pretend to. On the other hand, it is “obvious” that humans can think, and therefore little thought has gone into the related question, “can humans think?” This paper exp...

This paper is a Critical examination of the fundamental role thinking plays in human life. The theory presented here is derived from my previously published Critical theory of the phenomenon of mind 1 . An understanding of that theory is propaedeutic for the arguments and deductions presented in the present treatise. A glossary of technical terminology used here is available. 2 By analogy with ...