a full scale physical model of a thin slab caster with a four-hole design submerged entry nozzle (sen) was constructed. on the basis of the dimensionless reynolds and froude similitude criteria, the fluid flow in a full-scale model is similar to that of the actual system and, hence, the data obtained from the water model can be applied to the actual system. in order to determine the optimum ope...

We present an experimental model system that enables quantitative assessment of intergranular exchange coupling in CoCrPt-oxide perpendicular magnetic recording media. A thin film structure consisting of a high coercivity CoPt unicrystal layer and a lower coercivity CoPt layer separated by a thin oxide interlayer is used to model perpendicularly magnetized grains separated by oxide grain bounda...

This paper presents a practical model for computing the subsurface BRDF of materials composed of a homogeneous semi-infinite layer and a thin painted layer on the top. Solution of light propagation inside a scattering/absorbing medium is expensive. We propose a fast and exact subsurface BRDF computation model using the Ambartsumian’s integral equation for the bottom layer and using invariant im...