High specific surface area transparent and conducting frameworks, fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD), were used as scaffolds for fabrication of equally high area, ALD-formed hematite structures for photo-oxidation of water to dioxygen. The frameworks offer high transparency to visible light and robust conductivity under harsh annealing and oxidizing conditions. Furthermore, they also m...

We introduce a mixed discontinuous/continuous finite element pair for ocean modelling, with continuous quadratic layer thickness and discontinuous velocity. We investigate the finite element pair applied to the linear shallow-water equations on an f -plane. The element pair has the property that all geostrophically balanced states which strongly satisfy the boundary conditions have discrete div...

in this paper, a rectangular sandwich plate with a constrained layer and an electrorheological (er) fluid core is investigated. the rectangular plate is covered an er fluid core and a constraining layer to improve the stability of the system. the two outer layers of the sandwich structure are elastic. the viscoelastic materials express the middle layer behavior under electric field and small st...

In this paper, it is tried to find an approximate single layer equivalent for multi-layer graphene sheets based on third order non-local elasticity theory. The plates are embedded in two parameter Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation, and also the thermal effects are considered. A uniform transverse load is imposed on the plates. Applying the non-local theory of Eringen based on third order she...

A practical method is reported to enhance water permeability of thin film composite (TFC) polyamide (PA) membranes by decreasing the thickness of the selective PA layer. The composite membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction between meta-phenylene diamine (MPD)-aqueous and trimesoyl chloride (TMC)-organic solvents at the surface of polyethersulfone (PES) microporous s...

This study investigates the dosimetric dependence of the dimension of a lead (Pb) layer for shielding using clinical electron beams with different energies. Monte Carlo simulations were used to generate phase space files of the 4, 9 and 16 MeV electron beams produced by a Varian 21 EX linear accelerator using the EGSnrc-based BEAMnrc code, and validated by measurements using films. Pb layers wi...

the effects of including incoherent (bound-electron) and coherent (rayleigh) scattering in exposure buildup factor calculations for point isotropic gamma ray sources, penetrating a two-layer water-lead shield have been investigated in the gamma ray energy (e?) range of 40 kev to 3 mev. incoherent scattering decreases the values of these factors in both layers up to e? ~ 200 kev and the effect i...

in this paper, the rolling force and reduction ratio have been investigated in multilayer strip rolling. for this purpose, two different set of multilayers have been selected which are al/st/al and cu/al/cu layouts. at first, the validation of the numerical analysis was performed by using an experimental test. after validation of the numerical results, two set of multilayer layouts were simulat...

The effect of weld heat input on the formation of intermetallic compound (IMCs) layer during arc welding–brazing of aluminium and steel dissimilar alloys, was investigated through both finite element method (FEM) numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The results of FEM analysis as well as welding experiments indicated that increasing weld heat input increases the thickness of IMC...

PURPOSE Plaster casts can cause burns. Synthetic casts do not. Composite plaster-synthetic casts have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study analyzed the temperature from plaster casts compared with composite casts in a variety of in vitro conditions that would simulate clinical practice. METHODS A Pyrex cylinder filled with constant body temperature circulating water simulated a human ext...