Daily averaged TOGA COARE data are analyzed to test our hypothesis that convection is amplified (attenuated) via sub-critical (super-critical) gross moist stability which corresponds to a bottom-heavy (top-heavy) vertical velocity profile. Gross moist stability (GMS) is a quantity which represents efficiency of moist static energy (MSE) export by convection and associated large-scale circulatio...

This paper deals with the finite element solution of the convection diffusion equation in one and two dimensions. Two main techniques are adopted and compared. The first one includes Petrov-Galerkin based on Lagrangian tensor product elements in conjunction with streamlined upwinding. The second approach represents Bubnov/Petrov-Galerkin schemes based on a new group of exponential elements. It ...

The characteristics of shallow and deep convection during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/ Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (TRMM/LBA) and the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes in the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere System (EPIC) are evaluated in this study. Using high-quality radar data collected during these two tropical field experiments, the reflecti...

The spatial and temporal variability of convection during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) was examined via analysis of three-dimensional polarimetric radar data. Terrain bands were defined as the Gulf of California (over water) and elevations of 0–500 m above mean sea level (MSL; coastal plain), 500–1500 m MSL, and .1500 m MSL. Convective rainfall over the Gulf typically featured t...

A new mean-field theory of turbulent convection is developed by considering only the small-scale part of spectra as "turbulence" and the large-scale part, as a "mean flow," which includes both regular and semiorganized motions. The developed theory predicts the convective wind instability in a shear-free turbulent convection. This instability causes formation of large-scale semiorganized fluid ...

We present first realistic numerical simulations of 3D radiative convection in the surface layers of main sequence A-type stars with T eff = 8000 K and 8500 K, log g = 4.4 and 4.0, recently performed with the CO 5 BOLD radiation hydrodynamics code. The resulting models are used to investigate the structure of the H+He I and the He II convection zones in comparison with the predictions of local ...

The initial bifurcations in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection are studied in the range of dimensionless rotation rate 0 < Ω < 2150 for an aspect-ratio-2.5 cylindrical cell. We used simultaneous optical shadowgraph, heat transport and local temperature measurements to determine the stability and characteristics of the azimuthally-periodic wall convection state. We also show that the second tra...

Convection driven by thermal buoyancy in rotating spherical bodies of fluid has long been recognized as a fundamental process in the understanding of the properties of planets and stars. Since these objects are rotating in general and since their evolution is associated with the transport of heat from their interiors convection influenced by the Coriolis force does indeed play a dominant role i...

Convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED) is a novel approach to directly deliver drugs into brain tissue and brain tumors. It is based on delivering a continuous infusion of drugs via intracranial catheters, enabling convective distribution of high drug concentrations over large volumes of the target tissue while avoiding systemic toxicity. Efficient formation of convection depends on various ph...

In this work, we investigate the effect of air convection on laser-beam pointing noise essential for the long trace profiler (LTP). We describe this pointing error with noise power density (NPD) frequency distributions. It is shown that the NPD spectra due to air convection have a very characteristic form. In the range of frequencies from ~0.05 Hz to ~0.5 Hz, the spectra can be modeled with an ...