We describe a method for increasing the diffraction efficiency of multiply exposed photorefractive holograms by periodic copying. The method is experimentally demonstrated with photorefractive and thermoplastic recording media.

A resilient soft liner (RSL) has been used in processed complete dentures but controlling its thickness has always been a challenge because of uneven reduction of the denture’s intaglio surface. Use of a thermoplastic vacuum-formed template and an endodontic K-file, as guides, for the reduction of a processed mandibular complete denture to receive RSL is described in the present report. A proce...

The fractionalization of elementary excitations in quantum spin systems is a central theme in current condensed matter physics. The Kitaev honeycomb spin model provides a prominent example of exotic fractionalized quasiparticles, composed of itinerant Majorana fermions and gapped gauge fluxes. However, identification of the Majorana fermions in a three-dimensional honeycomb lattice remains elus...

Two-dimensional supramolecular honeycomb networks with cavities of an internal diameter of 2.95 nm were formed by the self-assembly of 4,4',4' '-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tribenzoic acid (BTA) on a Ag(111) surface at room temperature. Annealing to higher temperatures resulted in two sequential phase transformations into closer-packed supramolecular arrangements. The phase transformations are associat...

Li2MnO3 with a S = 3/2 two-dimensional Mn honeycomb lattice has a Neel-type antiferromagnetic transition at TN = 36 K with a broad maximum in magnetic susceptibility at TM = 48 K. We have investigated site percolation effects by replacing Mn with nonmagnetic Ti, and completed a full phase diagram of Li2Mn1-xTixO3 solid solution systems to find that antiferromagnetic transition is continuously s...