A functional B cell antigen receptor is thought to regulate antibody gene rearrangement either by stopping further rearrangement (exclusion) or by promoting additional rearrangement (editing). We have developed a new model to study the regulation of antibody gene rearrangement. In this model, we used gene targeting to replace the J kappa region with a functional V kappa-J kappa light chain gene...

Recently quantum mechanical (QM) calculations on a single Si-PETN (silicon-pentaerythritol tetranitrate) molecule were used to explain its colossal sensitivity observed experimentally in terms of a unique Liu carbon-silyl nitro-ester rearrangement (R3Si-CH2-O-R2→ R3Si-O-CH2-R2). In this paper we expanded the study of Si-PETN from a single molecule to a bulk system by extending the ReaxFF reacti...

A likely mechanism of chromosomal rearrangement formation involves joining the ends from two different chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs). These events could potentially be mediated by either of two end-joining (EJ) repair pathways [canonical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ) or alternative end joining (ALT-EJ)], which cause distinct rearrangement junction patterns. The relative role of t...

Here we show that suppression of VH-DJH rearrangement in mice bearing a mu heavy (H) chain transgene (mu-tg mice) is associated with an extended period of DH-JH rearrangement, the first step of Immunoglobulin H chain gene rearrangement. Whereas DH-JH rearrangement is normally initiated and completed at the pro-B cell stage, in mu-tg mice it continues beyond this stage and occurs most frequently...

In this paper, a novel method for loss reduction and efficiency optimization of the high frequency flyback transformers is proposed based on rearrangement of the windings. According to detailed analysis of the high frequency flyback transformer using FEM technique, a novel and simple approach for its design improvement and loss reduction is introduced. It is shown that leakage flux scattering i...

A detailed investigation of the reaction path for the thermal w x rearrangement of 3,4-dihydro-1a H-azirine 2,3-c pyrrol-2-one to yield a cyanoketene]formaldimine complex is carried out at the MP2r6-31G* and B3LYPr6-31G* levels of theory. The ring opening of the five-membered pyrrolinone ring and the formation of the nitrile group takes place in a concerted manner, presenting a significant stra...

The crystal structure uniquely imparts the specific properties of a material, and thus provides the starting point for any quantitative understanding of thermoelectric properties. Cu2-x Se is an intensely studied high performing, non-toxic and cheap thermoelectric material, and here for the first time, the average structure of β-Cu2-x Se is reported based on analysis of multi-temperature single...

Hydrogenation of n-glutal triacetate (1) and pseudo-n-glucal triacetate (2) into (2R,3R)-2-acetoxymethyl-3-acetoxy-tetrahydropyran (4) and the rearrangement of 1 into 2 were investigated. On. hydrogenation, at high catalyst-to-substrate ratio and in the presence of a great excess of diethylamine, compound 1 afforded diacetate 4 in a mixture with triacetate 6, while 2 was quantitatively converte...

substituted naphthofurans and naphthopyrans were constructed at high temperature from allyl or propargyl naphthyl ethers via claisen rearrangement in moderate to good yields. also, substituted (trimethylsilyl)-naphthofurans were synthesized from the corresponding naphtofurans.