Two thermal challenges for current and next generation microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications are discussed. The first topic is the fundamental investigations of phase change phenomena in the microscale. It has been demonstrated that microresistive heaters can generate single, spherical and controllable thermal bubbles with diameters between 2 and 500 mm. Both simplified steady stat...

A thermal energy storage (TES) equipment utilizing phase change material (PCM) was designed and built. The PCM is sealed inside metal tubes and exchanges heat with process fluid flowing outside. The storage capacity characteristics of the system was analyzed based on date covering the inlet and outlet temperatures of the process fluid, volumetric flow rate of the process fluid, and temperature ...

The ability to design the control of heat flow has innumerable benefits in the design of electronic systems such as thermoelectric energy harvesters, solid-state lighting, and thermal imagers, where the thermal design plays a key role in performance and device reliability. In this work, we employ one identical sensu-unit with facile natural composition to experimentally realize a new class of t...

Global scale forecasts of range shifts in response to global warming have provided vital insight into predicted species redistribution. We build on that insight by examining whether local warming will affect habitat on spatiotemporal scales relevant to regional agencies. We used generalized additive models to quantify the realized habitat of 46 temperate/boreal marine species using 41+ years of...

Xylitol shares the good thermophysical properties of other sugar alcohols that are candidates for thermal storage purposes, with one singularity: it shows noticeable supercooling coupled a low crystallization rate. This makes suitable material long-term heat applications based on supercooled PCMs, but its endurance TES purposes remains unknown. Accordingly, stability test was performed, which c...

We report on a simple and accurate method for determination of thermo-optical and spectroscopic parameters (thermal diffusivity, temperature coefficient of the optical path length change, pump and fluorescence quantum efficiencies, thermal loading, thermal lens focal length, etc) of relevance in the thermal lensing of end-pumped neodymium lasers operating at 1.06- and 1.3- microm channels. The ...

The global building sector has demonstrated a massive increase in energy demand, which is contributed by the rapid economic progress, urbanisation, and improved living standards. Furthermore, significant portion of this consumed space cooling heating processes through daily activities. In study, efficiency benefits bio-phase change materials (BioPCMs) improving thermal insulation Malaysian buil...

Critical thermal limits are thought to be correlated with the elevational distribution of species living in tropical montane regions, but with upper limits being relatively invariant compared to lower limits. To test this hypothesis, we examined the variation of thermal physiological traits in a group of terrestrial breeding frogs (Craugastoridae) distributed along a tropical elevational gradie...