With the birth of Fordism and expansion markets beyond states’ borders, national supply chains have evolved into international global chains. Some countries fared much better than others in becoming an irreplaceable part said chain. For instance, one could mention Iran due to its rich oil reserves geopolitical position on globe, China with cheap human capital high-profit margins, US massive rea...

1 Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, 2 Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, 3 Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America, 4 Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Laboratory of Medical Epidemi...

The research article analyzes how science in Iranian universities has evolved during years of sanctions, and what Russian can learn from this experience. study focuses on the periods, goals, outcomes state policy Iran toward universities. author developed typology sanctions affecting scientific systematized measures used to overcome them. This applies as well. practices aimed at overcoming have...

Many policy analysts take a narrow view toward assessing demographic change of state elderly populations by focusing only on the migration component. This article examines how 1990 state elderly populations have been affected by "new elderly births" (a state's population ages 55-59 in 1985 which survived to ages 60-64 in 1990) as well as by migration components, over the 1985-90 period. It util...