A zonal-average model of the upper branch of the meridional overturning circulation of the southern ocean is constructed and used to discuss the processes – wind, buoyancy, eddy forcing and boundary conditions – that control its strength and sense of circulation. The geometry of the thermocline ‘wedge’, set by the mapping between the vertical spacing of buoyancy surfaces (the stratification) on...

The recent suggestion that lower-tropospheric cyclogenesis is predominantly a result of column stretching associated with the updraft portion of the shearwise quasigeostrophic (QG) vertical motion is quantified through direct calculation of 900-hPa height tendencies via the QG vorticity equation. Comparison of the separate lower-tropospheric height tendencies associated with the shearwise and t...

In this paper, a new version of multi-objective differential evolution with dynamically adaptable mutation factor is used for Pareto optimization of a 5-degree of freedom vehicle vibration model excited by non-stationary random road profile. In this way, non-dominated sorting algorithm and crowding distance criterion have been combined to differential evolution with fuzzified mutation in order ...

This paper derives a set of two dimensional equations describing a thin inviscid fluid layer flowing over topography in a frame rotating about an arbitrary axis. These equations retain various terms involving the locally horizontal components of the angular velocity vector that are discarded in the usual shallow water equations. The obliquely rotating shallow water equations are derived both by...

A temperature structure appropriate for maritime areas is employed to find exact solutions to the non-linear quasi-geostrophic omega and vorticity equations, using a procedure similar to that used in a quasigeostrophic model by Sanders (1971). Results are qualitatively similar to those found in the latter model, and thus, are consistent with the traditional baroclinic stability theory. The prin...

From research on stratospheric dynamics there has emerged what might prove to be some useful fresh ideas about the problem of water-wave generation by wind. As pointed out in an earlier contribution (1993), water waves can be systematically amplified by two irreversible, ratchet-like mechanisms that depend on spatio-temporal inhomogeneities, such as wind gustiness and wave groupiness. Neither m...