The study examined the effects of agricultural trade openness on economic growth in EAC. We empirically analyzed issue five countries from 2000 to 2021. Panel data estimation methods were used study. variables found be integrated order one and zero. There was presence cointegration, cross-sectional heterogeneity dependence. CS-ARDL results revealed that enjoyed a long-run relationship. empirica...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C23 E44 Q43 Keywords: Crude oil shocks Stock market prices Panel data Asymmetric adjustment Granger causality This paper proposes a panel threshold cointegration approach to investigate the relationship between crude oil shocks and stock markets for the OECD and non-OECD panel from January 1995 to December 2009. Nonlinear cointegration is confirmed for ...

The paper examines the copper consumption-economic growth nexus for 16 rich economies from the period 1966 to 2010. Various generations of panel unit root and cointegration tests are applied. Both series are found to be integrated of order one. Evidence of cointegration is found especially when controlling for breaks and long-run cross-sectional dependence. Causality is investigated using a vec...

in the recent years, renewable energy sources are an important component of world energy consumption. gdp is one of the main measures of a country’s economic activity. most of the studies examine the impact of renewable energy consumption on gdp with single equation model and the others use dynamic panel data. since the granger causality analysis’s findings of this paper establish bidirectional...

This paper empirically examines the effects that host countries’ financial development (FD) has on foreign direct investment (FDI). The departure from earlier studies of role FD in attracting FDI is multidimensional index. Thus, this investigates causal relationship between and eight post-communist countries. bootstrap panel Granger causality approach utilized to detect direction causality. fin...

Econometric Causality This paper presents the econometric approach to causal modeling. It is motivated by policy problems. New causal parameters are defined and identified to address specific policy problems. Economists embrace a scientific approach to causality and model the preferences and choices of agents to infer subjective (agent) evaluations as well as objective outcomes. Anticipated and...