"The expression 'barbarians at the gate' was … used by the Romans to describe foreign attacks against their empire." 1 "[It] is often used in contemporary English within a sarcastic, or ironic context, when speaking about a perceived threat from a rival group of people, often deemed to be less capable or somehow 'primitive.'" 2.

I. THE IRONIC ATTRIBUTES OF PRIVACY CLASS ACTION LITIGATION ................................................................................ 310 A. Class Actions Typically Are Opt-Out .................................. 310 B. Consumers Lack Meaningful Notice or Choice About Class Action Lawsuits ......................................................... 311 C. Consumers Lack Autonomy Over the La...

Previous research has suggested that Blacks like White interaction partners who make an effort to appear unbiased more than those who do not. We tested the hypothesis that, ironically, Blacks perceive White interaction partners who are more racially biased more positively than less biased White partners, primarily because the former group must make more of an effort to control racial bias than ...

In this paper, we describe the system we built for Task 11 of SemEval2015, which aims at identifying the sentiment intensity of figurative language in tweets. We use various features, including those specially concerned with the identification of irony and sarcasm. The features are evaluated through a decision tree regression model and a support vector regression model. The experiment result of...

this study mainly concentrates on metallurgical structure of the ferrous ancient crafts, specially the discovered ferrous man-made pieces in ilam which are aged more than 3000 years. the pieces were discovered in ize a town located in the south east of ahvaz , in the southern of iran. the crafts include an ferrous bar, a 3-side and a 4 side bayonets which were microscopically studied by electro...

Irony and contingency are central to Charles E. Rosenberg's scholarship and theoretical stance. Irony is a a way to speak through history both to power and to those who would contest power. The question becomes, What kind of politics is it? The limitations of Rosenberg's ironic trope and its world weariness that can provide critique but no way to change is analyzed.