In this study, an anadromous strain (L) and a freshwater-resident (R) strain of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis as well as their reciprocal hybrids, were reared in a common environment and submitted to swimming tests combined with salinity challenges. The critical swimming speeds (Ucrit ) of the different crosses were measured in both fresh (FW) and salt water (SW) and the variations in sever...

The stability of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) to freshwater (FW) perturbations is investigated in a coupled climate model of intermediate complexity. It is found that AABW is stable to surface freshwater fluxes greater in volume and rate to those that permanently “shut down” North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Although AABW weakens during FW forcing, it fully recovers within 50 yr of termination...

The advanced power extraction (APEX) study aims at exploring new and innovative blanket concepts that can efficiently extract power from fusion devices with high neutron wall load. Among the concepts under investigation is the free liquid FW/liquid blanket concept in which a fast flowing liquid FW ( 2–3 cm) is followed by thick flowing blanket (B) of 40–50 cm thickness with minimal amount of st...

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is recognized as a paracrine factor acting locally in the brain and periphery. To assess the role of CNP in teleost fish, a cDNA encoding a CNP precursor was initially cloned from the eel brain. CNP message subsequently detected by ribonuclease protection assay, using the cDNA as probe, was most abundant in the brain followed by liver, gut, gills, and heart. Exp...

To investigate the involvement of the yolk-sac membrane in ion absorption, developmental changes in whole-body cation contents, cellular localization of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), and size and density of pavement and chloride cells in the yolk-sac membrane were examined in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae in fresh water (FW) and those transferred to seawater (SW) at 2 days be...

We discuss the carpool problem, where one has to assign drivers to subsets of participants who commute regularly. Fagin and Williams defined a notion of fair share for participants (the FW share). We provide an axiomatic characterization of the fair share and show that the FW share is the unique one satisfying these requirements. We define a coalitional game where the Shapley value is the FW sh...