trade secrets has an important role in economic growth and development of economic competition. however ,one of the challenges in this sphere is the emergence of economice spionag. increasing growth of economic espionage causes to emerge a new phenomenon which is called information terrorism. so the mechanism of protection of the trade secretsincivil and criminal law is necessary for economic g...

the social security act is called as a new branch of law. one of the important sections on social security criminal act is the section 97 which in this article will be studied with the aim of explaining of the article as one of the rules of social security, pathology and extending of the law literature of social security. this study shows that, while the 97 section creates and states the new an...

Given the well-known difficulties in defining and detecting fatigue, it is a real challenge to incorporate it into either traffic or criminal law. Finnish traffic law forbids fatigued driving "only" on a general level concerning the driver's fitness to drive. We present several comments from Finnish traffic and local police officers regarding their own experiences of driving while fatigued. The...

The recent emergence of vibrant markets in 'new psychoactive substances' or 'legal highs' has posed significant new challenges for drug policy. These partly concern what to do about them but the speed and complexity of change has also raised difficulties for how policy responses should be developed. Existing drug policy systems appear too slow and cumbersome to keep up with the pace of change, ...

A criminal defendant has a constitutional right to a “meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense.” Grounded in several different constitutional provisions, this right has been invoked as a defense to criminal charges in a variety of contexts and has been sustained by the Supreme Court on several occasions. Probably no context, however, has been as controversial and difficult for the c...

Migration as a human phenomenon has some consequences and repercussions. One of these effects is crime commitment and inducing disturbance in land and national security in immigrants' residence country, in other word, international migration, especially illegal migration, have different penal-security effects. Finding reason that the permeability of borders and increasing illegal traffic, drug ...

in spite of the fact that there is no mentionable consensus about the definition of terrorism, killing of innocents and committing acts that resulting to popular fear and panic has been criminalized in the law systems. in the islamic criminal policy, to rely on the terror, causing fear and panic and negation of the public comfort, has been criminalized and has been responds with the severe puni...

A Practice Note covering trends and developments in the federal government's prosecution of white collar crime. Specifically, this Note examines the government's tactics and strategies in enforcing federal criminal laws, the elements of several criminal statutes frequently used by the government to prosecute corporate crime, what constitutes criminal intent in white collar cases, company and ma...