The role of migratory birds in the spread ticks and tick-borne pathogens along their routes from Africa to Europe is increasingly emerging. Wild can host several tick species, often infected by bacteria responsible for zoonoses. aim study assess possible introduction exotic carried into Italy detect presence Rickettsia species Coxiella burnetii they may harbor. During a two-year survey, we coll...

The incidence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) in a region may reflect the prevalence of Borrelia in the tick population. Our aim was to investigate if regions with different LB incidences can be distinguished by studying the prevalence and diversity of Borrelia species in their respective tick populations. The Borrelia load in a feeding tick increases with the duration of feeding, which may facilitate...

Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including Anaplasma phagocytophila an etiologic agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis. As such, inflammation at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of inflammation. Up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 occu...

We assessed the risk for human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), ixodid tick-borne borrelioses, and double infection from 1994 to 1998 in Perm, which has among the highest rates of reported cases in Russia. We studied 3,473 unfed adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from vegetation in natural foci and 62,816 ticks removed from humans. TBE virus and Borrelia may coexist in ticks.

background: studies concerning ticks were of interest to evaluate the distribution and composition of species affecting live stock, thus it was a main step in our knowledge of the pathogens that they may transmit by tick. methods: a collection of 21 adult female and 15 male hard ticks, all is representing a single species of tick collected under the tail of wild goat. the specimens preserved in...

To determine if eastern North American Ixodes dammini, like related ticks in Eurasia, maintain tick-borne encephalitis group viruses, we analyzed ticks collected from sites where the agent of Lyme disease is zoonotic. Two viral isolates were obtained by inoculating mice with homogenates from tick salivary glands. The virus, which was described by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ...