Tissue heating caused by exposure to RF radiation is a primary safety concern in MR imaging. Therefore, to determine temperature changes caused by high field strength MR imaging of the brain with a head coil, we measured body and skin temperatures in 35 patients immediately before and after clinical MR imaging. MR imaging was performed with a 1.5 T MR system using a 28-cm, open-bore RF transmit...

climate change is found to be the most important global issue in the 21st century, so to monitor its trend is of great importance. atmospheric general circulation models because of their large scale computational grid are not able to predict climatic parameters on a point scale, so small scale methods should be adapted. among downscaling methods, statistical methods are used as they are easy to...

results the results showed that the average hr at resting, sitting (32℃ ± 0.1℃), and light workload (30℃ ± 0.1℃) were 78.52 ± 12.10, 69.74 ± 11.98, and 110.78 ± 17.91 beat/min, respectively. the average of ear canal temperature was estimated at 36.70℃ ± 0.36℃ for sitting workload and at 36.71℃ ± 0.27℃ light workload. conclusions the findings of this study illustrated that the average hr and the...

Properties, such as specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, are important thermophysical properties in any heat transfer study. Today, these properties are known for numerous fluids, however, there are still many fluids which have not been measured, especially those under the classification of refrigerant mixtures. This paper proposes a new approach for simultaneously measuring thes...

â  the prediction of maximum temperatures as one of the most important climatic parameters due to climate change, global warming and the recent drought will provide definitely more opportunity for planning and the provision of necessary arrangements for the planners. maximum temperatures are much important in management of natural and water resources, agriculture, development of pests and disea...

I.1. Physical motivation. From [St]: consider a function T (x) as representing the value of a physical variable at a particular point x in space. Is this a realistic thing to do? What can you measure? Suppose T (x) represents temperature at a point x in a room. You can measure the temperature with a thermometer, placing the bulb at the point x. Unlike the point, the bulb has nonzero size, so wh...

Observed X-ray spectra of hot gas in clusters, groups, and individual galaxies are commonly fit with a single-temperature thermal plasma model even though the beam may contain emission from components with different temperatures. Recently, Mazzotta et al. pointed out that thus derived T spec can be significantly different from commonly used definitions of average temperature, such as emission-o...