Introduction On 10 and 11 September 1998, about 125 participants met at a symposium in Vienna, Austria, with the goal of determining whether a consensus could be developed on the definition of responders in clinical trials in the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Present at this meeting were representatives of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Robert Prizont, MD, and John Senior, MD*...

Powdery calcium carbonates, predominantly calcite and aragonite, with planar defects and cation-anion mixed surfaces as deposited on low-carbon steel by magnetic water treatment (MWT) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and vibration spectroscopy. Calcite were found to form faceted nanoparticles having 3x (01̄14) commensurate superstructure and with well-developed {112̄0...

Certain cognitive processes, including spatial ability, decline with normal aging. Spatial ability is also a cognitive domain with robust sex differences typically favoring males. However, tests of spatial ability do not seem to measure a homogeneous class of processes. For many, mentally matching rotated three-dimensional images is the gold standard for measuring spatial cognition in humans, w...

We consider the problem of computing all-pairs shortest paths in a directed graph with real weights assigned to vertices. For an n × n 0 − 1 matrix C, let KC be the complete weighted graph on the rows of C where the weight of an edge between two rows is equal to their Hamming distance. Let MWT (C) be the weight of a minimum weight spanning tree of KC . We show that the all-pairs shortest path p...

We performed a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients discharged from an inpatient amputee rehabilitation program over a 2 yr period (January 2010-December 2011). Our objective was to determine barriers to the completion of a standardized maximum walk test (MWT) at discharge. Over the study period, there were 190 discharges. The sample had a mean age of 63.5 yr (standard deviation [...

BACKGROUND A predictor of neonatal mortality in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is disrupted pulmonary vascular development, clinically expressed as pulmonary hypertension. OBJECTIVE To determine if prenatal corticosteroids and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have a beneficial effect on pulmonary vascular development in CDH lungs. METHODS We induced CDH in fetal ra...