Postural instability is one of the hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze objectively the effect of different sensory and motor components on postural instability in PD and to determine the validity of using different scales as the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Push and Release test as val...

BACKGROUND The Bipolar Depression Rating Scale is an instrument to measure depression severity in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. This study has reevaluated the psychometric values of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale through assessing an Iranian sample of patients with bipolar depression. METHODS A total of 60 patients (36 males and 24 females) with bipolar depression referred to...

background: anxiety disorders and substance abuse are commonest comorbidities among bipolar i disorder (bid) patients. this study investigated the prevalence of anxiety disorders among bid patients based on their dependency on opioid. methods: in this cross sectional study the bid patients in iranian hospital of psychiatry were divided into two 89-patient groups; one group was considered as opi...

The present exploratory mixed methods study aimedto develop a scale for assessing critical thinking (CT) ability of Iranian EFL learners. The study wasconducted in three phases. In phase one, the features of CT components were examined in the writingsof 120 participants. A holistic and an analytic scale were developed based on their performance in exploiting the components of CT and the fea...

Introductions: Problem based learning is considered superior to the conventional didactic teaching for contextual learning, long term retention of knowledge, development of generic skill and attitudes. This study looked in to the students’ perception and preference of problem bases learning in a sixmonth introductory course in the beginning of undergraduate medical school program. Methods: A 20...

establishing of total quality management in any organization including emergency medical services need to an appropriate tool to help developing, implementing and evaluating of quality programs. the objective of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for self assessing enabler criteria of iran ems centers according to european foundation for quality management (efqm) model.the stud...