Wireless sensor networks have emerged as a fastgrowing technology that has enabled us to monitor physical and environmental states. As of yet these valuable sensor networks have been bound to terrestrial terrains; however, seventy percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by enormous bodies of water: oceans, seas and rivers. Most of this territory remains unchartered, and this primarily gave a ...

T HE discrete memoryless broadcast channel (%P(YJlX), 94 x 3) consists of three finite sets % ., 9, % and a probability transition matrixp(y,zjx). Let p,(ylx) andp,(zIx) be the two marginals of p(y,zlx), and let P, and P2 denote the discrete memoryless channels with probability transition matrices p&y Ix) and pz(zlx), respectively. Recall the following three relations between P, and P2. Definit...

OF DISSERTATION BIOPHYSICAL BEHAVIOR IN TROPICAL SOUTH AMERICA The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is rising, in response to human activities such as consumption of fossil fuel, cement production, and land cover change. This increase is mitigated by the fact that currently, approximately one-half of the CO2 of anthropogenic origin does not take up permanent residence in the atmosphere, b...

Based on atmospheric data and models, the tropical CO2 source anomaly reaches up to 2 GtC yr , but the respective contributions of the terrestrial biosphere and the oceans to this ux are di cult to quantify. Here we present a new method for estimating CO2 uxes from oceanic observations based on the surprisingly good predictive skill of temperature and salinity for surface dissolved inorganic ca...

In this paper, a review of the progress and initiatives in free space optical data transfer and communications at the Naval Research Laboratory is presented. NRL has been investing in research and development in optical communications and laser ranging, both conventional, and advanced. Efforts include developing amplifiers and components for lasers to be used in long range, one-way and retro-re...

This study aims at finding out if households or organizations are faster in their acceptance of a technological innovation. The object of this study is digital terrestrial television (DTT), specifically the implementation of DTT in Denmark. The theoretical framework is diffusion of innovation theory. Three surveys were carried out for both households and organizations. Based on the surveys, the...

As digital television matures, applications which utilize data embedded in the broadcast television signal are likely to be an important feature of the new medium. This paper explores some of the issues involved in the implementation of systems for the utilization of data which accompanies digital television's video and audio content. Chief among these issues are those which

[1] In a series of laboratory experiments, we measure thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of icy regolith created by vapor deposition of water below its triple point and in a low pressure atmosphere. We find that an ice-regolith mixture prepared in this manner, which may be common on Mars, and potentially also present on the Moon, Mercury, comets and other bodies, has a...

Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of enhanced vegetation growth under future elevated atmospheric CO2 for 21st century climate warming. Surprisingly no study has completed an analogous assessment for the historical period, during which emissions of greenhouse gases increased rapidly and land-use changes (LUC) dramatically altered terrestrial carbon sources and sinks. Using the G...

An integrated terrestrial ecosystem model and an atmospheric radiative transfer module are developed and applied to evaluate aerosol direct radiative effects on carbon dynamics of global terrestrial ecosystems during 2003 2010. The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer measurements of key atmosphere parameters have been used to quantify aerosol effects on downward solar radiation. Simul...