This paper use the dynamic growth framework to model relationship between trade liberalization policy and economic of 42 African countries from 1995 2018. Banking on heterogeneity income socioeconomic factor affecting policies in countries, opted for Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique which is sufficient inference a heterogeneous environment. The result tells that beneficial up certain threshold...

This paper attempts to evaluate the determinants of export demand of textile and clothing sector of Pakistan. Moreover it estimates coefficients of the variables of the study. This study uses co-integration approach to check the long run relationship between export demand and its determinants. Results show that world income is the major determinant of export demand as it shows high coefficient ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect gross domestic product per capita, trade openness, renewable energy, energy consumption, foreign direct investment, carbon emission, and oil prices on innovation for selected 11 oil-importing oil-exporting countries compare results from both country groups see differences similarities. For purpose, we employ Poisson regression negative bino...

We construct a time-variant, price-based measure of trade distortions in 28 manufacturing industries for a large sample of countries over the last four decades, documenting facts consistent with the argument that changes in relative prices are an important channel through which an economy’s openness affects outcomes. First, we find that price distortions at the aggregate level are negatively as...