This chapter describes some simple standard operating procedures for the regular collection of samples from surgical resections and their rapid preservation by freezing for long-term cryogenic storage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to verify whether preoperative conventionally fractionated chemoradiation offers an advantage in sphincter preservation in comparison with preoperative short-term irradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with resectable T3-4 rectal carcinoma without sphincters' infiltration and with a lesion accessible to digital rectal examination were randomised into: pr...

One goal of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology is to solicit information about, promote discussion of, and support action on the many issues related to scientific and technical data preservation, archiving, and access. This brief paper describes four broad categories of issues that help to organize discussion, learning, and action regarding the work needed to support the long-term...

This paper addresses the issue of long-term preservation of and access to digital government information. We show how the preservation process is enhanced by storing an infrastructure-independent representation of the raw data, together with a model dependency graph (an executable graph of database view mappings). This allows for the design of decision-support tools and services for improving g...

Digital preservation ensures continued access to digital information over time (e.g., 5, 15, 25 or 50 years). The long-term planning horizon of preserving relevant parts of a business processes raises a number of new research challenges for software design, development and maintenance (cf. [1]). In this paper we describe the challenges caused by the preservation of software and give a short ove...

The advantages of freeze-drying are obvious. It is a convenient method for the preservation and long-term storage of a wide variety of microorganisms. However, special precautions are needed for the preservation of microorganisms sensitive to desication, light, oxygen, osmotic pressure, surface tension and other factors. During several years of experimentation I have developed various new metho...

Testate amoebae analysis has been shown to be a valuable technique to reconstruct peatland palaeohydrology and thereby past climate change. However there is cause for concern over the potential impact of differential preservation on the record. To investigate the impact of various environmental factors a sequence of Sphagnum samples were subjected to treatment with weak acid, nutrient enrichmen...

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes communicating with each other without any predetermined topology. In recent years, application domains of wireless ad hoc networks highly affected military and non-military organizations. In this paper, a comparison using NS2 for AODV, DSDV and CBRP is conducted. Metrics of packet delivery fraction and the energy behavior of topo...

Blogging is yet another popular and prominent application in the era of Web 2.0. According to recent measurements often considered as conservative, as of now worldwide there are more than 152 million blogs with content spanning over every aspect of life and science, necessitating long term blog preservation and knowledge management. In this work, we present a range of issues that arise when fac...

Improvements in childhood cancer survival have allowed boys and their families to increasingly focus on quality of life after therapy, particularly their future ability to father children. Treatments should maintain comprehensive cancer care goals and consider the long-term quality of life of these children. While semen cryopreservation is a well-established method of fertility preservation for...