holoprosencephaly (hpe) is a rare congenital brain malformation associated with multiple midline facial defects. this anomaly is resulted from the failure of diverticulation and cleavage of primitive prosencephalon during weeks 4-8 of gestation. hpe is the most common forebrain developmental anomaly in human with the incidence rate of 0.49-1.2 cases per 10,000-20,000 term births. in this study,...

COLES. C.D, K.A. BARD, K.A.PLATZMAN, AND M.E.LYNCH. Attentional response at 8 weeks in prenatally drug-exposed and preterm infants. NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL. To evaluate the effect of prenatal/polydrug exposure on infant attention, 105 8-week-old, African-American infants were presented a series of stimuli and heart rate (HR) recorded. Infants were identified postnatally based on mothers’ substance...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely sold medications in the world and are generally considered safe. PPIs are frequently prescribed or taken for long periods without evidence-based indication. 1 However, long-term use of PPIs has not been studied in depth, and several side effects have recently been identified, including an increased risk of enteric infections such as small ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of methylphenidate imediate-release (MPH-IR), and to confirm the efficacy established in previous meta-analyses of short-term studies. METHOD Published and unpublished studies in which participants were treated with MPH-IR for 12 weeks or more were searched. Pooled effect sizes from these studies were computed with the DerSimonian and Laird random-e...

BACKGROUND Maternal depression during pregnancy has been studied less than depression in postpartum period. The aims of this study were to find out the prevalence of prepartum and postpartum depression and the risk factors associated in a cohort of Afro-Jamaican pregnant women in Jamaica. METHODS The Zung self-rating depression scale instrument was administered to 73 healthy pregnant women at...

This study evaluated the effects of high-dose of short-term creatine supplementation (5g.kg(-1).day(-1) to 1 week) and long-term creatine supplementation (1g.kg(-1). day(-1) to 4-8 weeks) on kidney and liver structure and function of sedentary and exercised Wistar rats (Exercise sessions consisted of swimming at 80% of maximal work load supported during 5 days per week with daily sessions of 60...

Nasal obstruction can occur at different life stages. In early stages of life the respiratory system is still under development, maturing during the growth period. Previous studies have shown that nasal obstruction in neonatal rats alters craniofacial function. However, little is known about the effects of nasal obstruction that develops during later growth periods. The aim of this study was to...

-Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) at 10 mg/kg/day was fed to adult rats either continuously or for periods ranging from 1 to 10 weeks. Survival correlated inversely with the duration of carcinogen feeding. Less than 4 weeks of DENA feeding produced only preneoplastic foci that persisted indefinitely; 4 weeks were found to be necessary for the transformation of preneoplastic lesions into liver cancers;...