textbooks play a crucial role in language learning classrooms. the problem is that among the great quantity of available textbooks on the market which one is appropriate for a specific classroom and a group of learners. in order to evaluate elt textbooks, theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. this study evaluate...

Nowadays, the risk of degradation of wetlands is one of the main environmental challenges in the world, so continuous and long-term monitoring of ecological changes in wetlands can play a key role in their protection and proper management. In the present study, the trend of monthly changes in some of the most important ecological indicators of the aquatic environment of Shadegan wetland includi...

the purpose of this study was to examine the status of supervision on departments’ heads at ferdowsi university of mashhad (fum) and realize some applied themes to provide a fit model for supervising departments’ heads in fum. the method was case study under a research category aimed for applied one. using purposive sampling, interviews were conducted with top fum managers, head departments, an...

“any science seeks generalities; the aim is to transcend knowledge of particular cases by discovering general regularities or laws” (chesterman, 2001, p. 1). these were the words of chesterman whose paper has served as a typical example of numerous papers carried out on ‘translation universals’ since the mid-nineties. blum-kulka (1986) is among translation studies scholars who proposed ‘explici...

Observing a reasonable deadline throughout the criminal investigation process, as one of the most fundamental defensive rights of the accused, emphasizes the importance of reasonable expediting in the process of proceedings in a high degree of accuracy, which considers necessary for the fair trial and the desired outcome of criminal proceedings. Delivering justice within a reasonable time is on...