The physical climate defines a significant portion of the habitats in which biological communities and species reside. It is important to quantify these environmental conditions, and how they have changed, as this will inform future efforts to study many natural systems. In this article, we present the results of a statistical summary of the variability in sea surface temperature (SST) time-ser...

It has been more than a decade since a concern about the addictive use of the Internet and mobile phones was first expressed, and its possible inclusion into the lists of mental disorders has recently become a popular topic of scientific discussion. Thus, it seems to be a fitting moment to investigate the prevalence of this issue over time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the preval...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, which is more prevalent in women than men. Considering the onset of MS in the women of reproductive age, the present study aimed to investigate the reciprocal effects of MS, childbirth, and postpartum. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 110 women diagnosed with MS dur...

[1] We examine multidecadal changes in surface downward shortwave (SW) radiation flux, total cloud cover, SW cloud effect, and related parameters over Europe during 1965– 2004 using monthly gridded data from the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA), synoptic cloud reports, and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). One key issue is distinguishing the effects of natural c...

[1] Several global quantities are computed from the ERA40 reanalysis for the period 1958–2001 and explored for trends. These are discussed in the context of changes to the global observing system. Temperature, integrated water vapor (IWV), and kinetic energy are considered. The ERA40 global mean temperature in the lower troposphere has a trend of +0.11 K per decade over the period of 1979–2001,...

Most heart attacks and ischaemic strokes are caused by complicated atheroma, usually compounded by thrombosis suddenly reducing blood flow in a critical artery. Extensive evidence suggests that this atheroma silently builds up over decades. Thus, early atheroma streaks were seen in classical autopsy studies on Korean war casualties and teenage traffic fatalities. Hence, the emerging paradigm de...

rain modeling in recent years has been of great importance in water resource management and its function in long term and short term planning, especially its great effect on agricultural economy. to reach to good results box-jenkins model is much more efficient. the writers of this article have used the data collected in tabriz and oroumiyeh stations in a fifty year period and then presented th...