For clinicians considering electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and psychotropic drug treatment, the information on physiologic changes in drug metabolism and potential teratogenicity during pregnancy and lactation is both vital and humbling. Adolescent pregnancy is discussed in a developmental framework, with particular attention to the group at the highest risk for abuse, promiscuity, addictions, ...

Purpose of the study There is an ongoing debate about when to use efavirenz (EFV) or nevirapine (NVP) for first line antiretroviral treatment (ART) in developing countries, fuelled by EFV’s link with teratogenicity in rats and NVP’s risk of hepatotoxicity with increasing CD4 levels and it’s interactions with Rifampicin. This paper compares the effectiveness of these two drugs in a multicentre a...

We have collected information about 118 children born to mothers who were given lithium treatment during the first trimester of pregnancy. The data show that the risk of teratogenic effects is lower than one might have expected from some of the studies carried out on rats and mice; they do not answer the question of whether or not lithium is teratogenic in man. The data were collected retrospec...

Article history: Received 14 December 2015 Accepted 14 December 2015 Available online 17 December 2015 Disease Center, 1969). Although these studies identified histological lesions in the heart, blood vessels, crystalline lens, ears, brain, teeth and liver consistent with clinical features and sequelae of CRS, they did not solved the mechanisms of virus teratogenicity (Töndury and Smith, 1966; ...

Until fingolimod came along, the first US Food and Drug Administration–approved pill for relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), teratogenicity of multiple sclerosis (MS) drugs had not been a big issue. Strange, for a disease that affects primarily women of childbearing age. Why? Because previously approved MS drugs were all large recombinant protein molecules. Large molecules cross the p...