Antiretroviral-based HIV-1 prevention strategies – including antiretroviral treatment (ART) to reduce the infectiousness of individuals with HIV-1 and oral and topical pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for uninfected individuals to prevent HIV-1 acquisition – are the most promising new approaches for decreasing HIV-1 spread. Observational studies among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples have associated...

The primary objective of this study was to measure atazanavir-ritonavir and tenofovir pharmacokinetics when the drugs were used in combination in young adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-infected subjects > or =18 to <25 years old receiving (> or =28 days) 300/100 mg atazanavir-ritonavir plus 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus one or more other nucleoside analogs u...

In July 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new guidelines entitled, "Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants: Towards universal access." Previewed in November 2009 in abridged form, the completed document highlights the key WHO recommendations for antiretroviral treatment (ART) and prophylaxis in pregnant women, and contains subst...

1 Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Received for publication: June 26, 2009.

The efficacy of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) relies on adherence and may also depend on the route of HIV acquisition. Clinical studies of systemic tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) PrEP revealed reduced efficacy in women compared to men with similar degrees of adherence. To select the most effective PrEP strategies, preclinical studies are critically needed to establish correlations be...

BACKGROUND Limited antiretroviral treatment regimens in resource-limited settings require long-term sustainability of patients on the few available options. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) modifications, in an outpatient cohort of 955 patients who initiated cART between January 2009 and January 2011 in western Kenya. METHODS cART modificat...

BACKGROUND Daily oral antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising strategy for prevention of HIV-1 acquisition. Three clinical trials demonstrated PrEP efficacy; however, two PrEP trials among women did not find protection against HIV-1. One hypothesis proposed for these divergent results is that PrEP efficacy may be reduced in populations with higher HIV-1 incidence. METHODS...

A study explored the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir (300 mg administered once daily) and nelfinavir (1,250 mg twice daily) when coadministered in 29 healthy volunteers. Tenofovir, nelfinavir, and M8 pharmacokinetics was unaltered when tenofovir and nelfinavir were coadministered, and tenofovir administration did not affect the M8/nelfinavir area under the concentration-versus-time curve over the...

Purpose of study Until recently, few prospective data existed to indicate safety/efficacy of NVP with entry CD4 count restricted to <250 (women) or <400 (men) cells/mm. Two phase IV trials, ARTEN and NEWART, compared virologic safety/ efficacy of NVP vs ATV/r on a background of TDF/FTC in HIV+ patients within these CD4 ranges. NEWART (US) was designed to be confirmatory of ARTEN and to suppleme...