Introduction : The innate immune system as the first line of defense against the pathogens recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Interaction of bacterial PAMPs by TLRs results in activation of innate and acquired immunity. FimH adhesin, a minor component of type 1 fimbriae encoded by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a PAMP of TLR4 tha...

Personal Communication Network (PCN) is an emerging wireless network that promises many new services for the telecommunication industry. The high speed backbone network (asynchronous transfer mode, ATM or wavelength division multiplexing, WDM) is one possible approach to provide broadband wireless transmission with PCN’s using the ATM switches for interconnection of PCN cells. The wireless ATM ...

Mobile agents are autonomous, asynchronous and, optionally, intelligent software entities which can migrate to and reside in a number of network nodes. In our proposal mobile agents are used for collecting subscriber information on the terminal side in mobile communication networks. Mobile agents are sent out by the network part for collecting information, such as location area identifier and c...

While having the lowest number of main telephone lines for every one hundred inhabitants (teledensity) over the last decade, the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), have the highest average pre-tax operator profitability in the world. Many LDCs have already opened their terminal equipment markets to competition and some have also done this with data and value-added services. Furthermore, LDCs are...

Intelligent piezoelectric materials are helpful for monitoring the structural health. The principle of the piezoelectric impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technique is to measure the electrical impedance of a piezoelectric patch attached to a structure in a certain frequency range. Electrical impedance variations indicate physical changes in the structure indirectly due to coup...

The realization of a user-centric paradigm in future telecommunication networks, which implies free and automatic choice among different available wireless and mobile access networks, will revolutionize the Future Internet. For this innovative concept to materialize, a paradigm shift is required from contract-based mobile service delivery to an open, dynamic service delivery environment. This c...

The next-generation mobile network will support terminal mobility, personal mobility, and service provider portability, making global roaming seamless. A location-independent personal telecommunication number (PTN) scheme is conducive to implementing such a global mobile system. In this paper, firstly we propose multi tree database architecture consists of a number of database subsystems, each ...

The forthcoming era of 3 generation (3G) mobile communications is heralded to change the wireless telecommunication experience dramatically. User expectations are raised to a significantly higher level, towards the demand for terminal-, networkand locationaware provision of ubiquitous, personalized multimedia services. Under this perspective, the need for adaptability of services and systems to...

The 10 X increase in complexity for the future 4G telecommunication terminals is a major challenge for system designers. SoC solutions seem the only answer to cope with the performance requirements, but the usual design practices lead to huge difficulties, especially for the implementation of the control schemes. We describe our SoC implementation of a baseband subsystem for a high performance ...

Mobile Phone has been widely used in the world and adopted in different application areas involved with SMS has been evolved for downloading logo, ring-tones, advertisement, security notes, and location based system. This paper describe a service that further extends the functionality of SMS, a prototype named as “SMS Credit” is developed that allows customers to perform electronic payment usin...