This paper analyzes the interrelation of two understudied phenomena of English: discontinuous modifier phenomenon (so willing to help out that they called early; more ready for what was coming than I was) and the complex pre-determination phenomenon (this delicious a lasagna; How hard a problem (was it)?). Despite their independence, they frequently occur intertwined, as in too heavy a trunk (f...

This research is an attempt to explore the nature and characteristics of urban travel behavior in metropolitan area Iranian capital, Tehran. To this end, using perspectives 822 participants via a questionnaire survey, we assessed six major Travel Behavior Components (TBCs)—namely, mode, time, destination, frequency, choice, purpose—from lens five different sociodemographic characteristics—that ...

This paper examines the learning outcomes associated with implementing discussion forums and blog writings using pseudonyms in blended learning. Although anonymity or masking one’s identity has been used as a teaching strategy designed to induce higher writing production and lowering anxiety in face-to-face writing instruction, little research has been reported investigating whether this strate...

I take up the challenge of why false beliefs are better than “cautious action policies” (target article, sect. 9) in navigating adaptive problems with asymmetric errors. I then suggest that there are interactions between supernatural beliefs, self-deception, and positive illusions, rendering elements of all such misbeliefs adaptive. Finally, I argue that supernatural beliefs cannot be rejected ...

“Biology is complex.” “Biology is not well understood enough to engineer.” “Biology is not ready for design software.” Sound familiar? As an electrical engineer entering synthetic biology in 2007 I have heard all of these and more (some are less polite). It is often pointed out that biological systems lack many of the characteristics that have allowed mankind to engineer electronic systems. Whi...

We develop an abstract chemistry, implemented in a lambda-calculus-based modeling platform, and argue that the following features are generic to this particular abstraction of chemistry; hence, they would be expected to reappear if "the tape were run twice": (i) hypercycles of self-reproducing objects arise; (ii) if self-replication is inhibited, self-maintaining organizations arise; and (iii) ...

The theory of mind is certainly necessary. The dire consequences of a missing theory of mind in autism spectrum disorders are a clear proof for it. So, it might be interesting to examine how it is necessary and useful by looking at some specific (and possible) functions in the mind of a child as well as of an adult, beyond the more general comprehension of one’s own and others’ mental state. Fi...

Go to the landing page of Nursing Open and click on an issue and then on an article and above the tabs that take you to the content of the article you will see a coloured indicator labelled ‘AM score’ and, in some cases, a number next to it. That number is the Altmetric score; Altmetrics being a contraction of ‘alternative metrics’. This score indicates the extent to which the article has recei...

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BACKGROUND According to national laws and world experiences; provision, maintenance, and improving citizens' health are considered to be the essential functions of municipalities as a "social institute". In order to equitably promote health conditions at urban level, particularly in marginal areas, since 2004 targeted efforts have been implemented in the municipality of Tehran metropolis. This ...