Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON) using hybrid TDM/WDM techniques is one of the candidates for the future optical access that can solve the expected increase in terms of traffic demand and area coverage. One of its advantages is the possibility to share the capacity of any wavelength among more than one user, through TDM/WDM hybrid multiplexing. However, it is still an open issue whic...

Multi-context dynamic reconfigurable architectures can use of both spatial and temporal aspects of logic capacity. Gaining logic capacity by reusing hardware with time multiplexing techniques requires controlling logic using small distributed memories. This can create testability problems for dynamic reconfigurable architectures. In this paper we are analysing the test coverage loss and proposi...

Advances in electronic location technology and the coming of age of mobile computing have opened the door for location-aware applications to permeate all aspects of everyday life. Location is at the core of a large number of high-value applications ranging from the life-and-death context of emergency response to serendipitous social meet-ups. For example, the market for GPS products and service...

introduction: immunization is one of the most important health programs in first level prevention and is also one of the most cost-effective prevention programs in the entire world. this study evaluates the situation of immunization in fewer than one year old afghan refugee children in kerman, iran. materials and methods: this was a cross-sectional study. data was extracted from the records of ...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are rapidly emerging as the prominent technology for monitoring physical phenomena. However, large scale WSNs are known to suffer from coverage holes, i.e., large regions of deployment area where no sensing coverage can be provided. Such holes are the result of hardware failures, extensive costs for redeployment or the hostility of deployment areas. Coverage hole...

The way address sequences and data patterns appear on the outside of a memory may differ from their internal appearance; this effect is referred to as scrambling, which has a large impact on the effectiveness of the used tests. This paper presents an analysis of address and data scrambling for memory chips, at the layout and at the electrical level. A method is presented to determine the data b...

A structurally testable delay fault might become untestable in the functional mode of the circuit due to logic or timing constraints or both. Experimental data suggests that there could be a large difference in the number of structurally and functionally testable delay faults. However, this difference is usually calculated based only on logic constraints. It is unclear how this difference would...

Students invariably ask the question \How large does n have to be for Z and t intervals to give appropriate coverage probabilities?" In this article we review the role of p 1 (X)= p n, where p 1 (X) is the skewness coeecient of the random sample, in the answer to this question. We also comment on the opposite eeect that p 1 (X) has on the behavior of t intervals compared to Z intervals. Finally...

Background: Nowadays, the use of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) systems is effective for monitoring traffic, preventing crime, and ensuring safety in many public spaces. However, the effectiveness of CCTV coverage is often achieved through design experience and trial-and-error, instead of being evaluated and visualized using a robust approach. Methods: Firstly, a method for simulating varifoc...