Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) generates 5'-terminally deleted genomes (TDs) during replication in murine hearts. We show here that CVB3 populations with TDs can also be generated within two to three passages of CVB3 in primary, but not immortalized, cell cultures. Deletions of less than 49 nucleotides increase in size during passage, while 5' TDs of 49 nucleotides appear to be the maximum deletion s...

We discuss the temporal efficiency of template-directed polymer synthesis, such as DNA replication and transcription, under a given template string. To weigh the synthesis speed and accuracy on the same scale, we propose a template-directed synthesis (TDS) rate, which contains an expression analogous to that for the Shannon entropy. Increasing the synthesis speed accelerates the TDS rate, but t...

We have employed an atomic force microscope with a high sampling rate to image GaN samples grown using an epitaxial layer overgrowth technique and treated with silane and ammonia to enlarge the surface pits associated with threading dislocations (TDs). This allows TDs to be identified in high pixel density images tens of microns in size providing detailed information about the spatial distribut...

Background Transient depressive state (TDS) is a transient, negative emotional state caused by certain events or situations. Because of the similarity in depressive symptoms between depression and TDS that arise within 2 weeks of their onset, it is difficult to distinguish TDS from depression. The aims of the present study were to investigate the application value of selected serum indicators i...

The commonest reproductive disorders in human males at birth (cryptorchidism, hypospadias) or young adulthood (low sperm counts, testis germ cell cancer) may comprise a ‘testicular dysgenesis syndrome’ (TDS) resulting from fetal testis dysfunction. We and others have developed an animal model for TDS, involving in utero exposure of pregnant rats to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), which is a common ...

BACKGROUND Tumor deposits (TDs) were reported to be poor prognoses in colorectal carcinoma, but the significance in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) (T3-4/N+) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) and surgery is unclear. Since adjuvant chemotherapy showed no benefit for LARC following neo-CRT, it is of great value to investigate whether TDs can identify the subgroup of patients...

Decreasing the Internet power consumption is a challenging issue. Optical transport networks employing the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique have been identified as energy efficient solutions to face this issue, considering the expected high increase of Internet traffic. The authors study the energy efficiency of a recently-proposed switching technique for transport networks, the...

صخلملا Seasonal variation of zooplankton biomass has been carried out at two selected sites on Greater Zab River. Monthly samples of water were collected during period from January to December 2008. Some physico-chemical properties of water were studied including water temperature (from 8 to 30.5 C), hydrogen ion concentration (from 6.3 to 8), EC (from 255 to 821 μs.cm), turbidity (1085 NTU), d...

BACKGROUND We have acquired dual-echo spin-echo (DE SE) MRI data of the rhesus monkey brain since 1994 as part of an ongoing study of normal aging. To analyze these legacy data for regional volume changes, we have created a reference label atlas for the Template Driven Segmentation (TDS) algorithm. METHODS The atlas was manually created from DE SE legacy MRI data of one behaviorally normal, y...

INTRODUCTION This study examined acceptance by staff and patients of a therapy dog (TD) in the emergency department (ED). METHODS Immediately after TD visits to a University Hospital ED, all available ED staff, patients, and their visitors were invited to complete a survey. RESULTS Of 125 "patient" and 105 staff responses, most were favorable. Ninety-three percent of patients and 95% of sta...