Antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 442 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 102 control patients. Antibodies were found in the CSF of 87% of patients with clinical (culture-negative) TBM, 72% of patients with culture-positive TBM, and 65% of patients with autopsy-p...

Tunnel construction method using a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is commonly adopted for building underground infrastructure, such as railways, roads, sewers, or utility pipelines. TBM tunnelling entails precise guidance of the machine in the underground space, as well as effective construction management and project control. The research aims to address critical engineering and management proble...

The marginal band (MB) of nucleated erythrocytes (thos of nonmammalian vertebrates) is a continuous peripheral bundle of microtubules normally obscured by hemoglobin. Treatment of these elliptical cells with modified microtubule polymerization media containing Triton X-100 yields a semilysed system in which MB, nucleus, and trans-MB material (TBM) are visible under phase contrast. The TBM appar...

Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBM) is a rare and serious, often fatal presentation of active tuberculosis and account for about 1% of cases. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of TBM is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a case of TBM in 60-year-old man. TBM was considered on the basis of clinical presentation, laboratory findings (hyponatraemia), cerebrospinal fl...

Point-of-care tests for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are needed. We studied the diagnostic accuracy of the lipoarabinomannan (LAM) lateral flow assay (LFA), LAM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Xpert MTB/RIF in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an autopsy cohort of Ugandan HIV-infected adults. We obtained written informed consent postmortem from the next of kin. A complete autopsy was ...

To study the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein profiles of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and discover potential biomarkers for TBM, differential expression of proteins in the CSF of patients with TBM, patients with cryptococcal meningitis, and a control group were compared using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labelling (iTRAQ) coupled with 2-dimensional liquid chromatograph...

We have studied the dogfish erythrocyte cytoskeletal system, which consists of a marginal band of microtubules (MB) and trans-marginal band material (TBM). The TBM appeared in whole mounts as a rough irregular network and in thin sections as a surface-delimiting layer completely enclosing nucleus and MB. In cells incubated at 0 degrees C for 30 min or more, the MB disappeared but the TBM remain...

The stratum corneum is composed of protein-enriched corneocytes embedded in an intercellular matrix of nonpolar lipids organized as lamellar layers and giving rise to epidermal permeability barrier (EPB). EPB defects have an important role in the pathophysiology of skin diseases such as eczema. The transcriptional control of skin lipid metabolism is poorly understood. We have discovered that mi...

Inhibiting of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-type 9 (PCSK9) and Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) binding is an effective way for reducing Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Understanding the interaction between PCSK9 and LDLR is useful for PCSK9 inhibitor design. In this work, MD simulations with the standard (non-polarizable) AMBER force field and effective polarizable...

Abstract In conflict studies, environmental peacebuilding (EPB) has become an established concept to explain how cooperation among opposing parties provides a platform for peacebuilding. EPB literature been shaped predominantly by political science perspectives, initially with focus on interstate conflicts, and ecological dynamics have received little attention date. Building the Social-Ecologi...