BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can significantly increase the risk of later development of psychosis. However, it is unknown whether people at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have experienced TBI at higher rates, compared to otherwise healthy individuals. This study evaluated the prevalence of mild TBI, whether it was related to past trauma and the...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health epidemic. In the US alone, more than 3 million people sustain a TBI annually. It is one of the most disabling injuries as it may cause motor and sensory deficits and lead to severe cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial impairment, crippling vital areas of higher functioning. Fueled by the recognition of TBI as the "signature injury" in our...

Although several studies have revealed the EEG alterations in AD and TBI patients, the influence of APOE (apolipoprotein E) genotype in EEG at the early stage of TBI has not been reported yet. We have previously studied EEG alterations caused by TBI among different APOE genotype carriers. In this study, we firstly investigated the relationship between APOE polymorphisms and quantitative EEG (QE...

We show that ATM kinase inhibition using AZ31 prior to 9 or 9.25 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) reduced median time to moribund in mice to 8 days. ATR kinase inhibition using AZD6738 prior to TBI did not reduce median time to moribund. The striking finding associated with ATM inhibition prior to TBI was increased crypt loss within the intestine epithelium. ATM inhibition reduced upregulation o...

Our earlier studies demonstrated the ability of L-arginine (L-Arg) to reverse radiation-induced immune dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate cardiac dysfunction up to 24 h after 2 Gy of total-body irradiation (TBI) and its mitigation by L-Arg. The current studies also explore the association of radiation-induced inflammation and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. T...

This study was designed to evaluate the potential benefits of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The right cerebral cortex of rats was injured by the impact of a 20-g object dropped from a predetermined height. The rats received HBO treatment at 3 ATA for 60min after TBI. Neurological behavior score, brain water content, neuronal loss in the hippocampus, a...

Traumatic cerebral vascular injury (TCVI) is a frequent, perhaps universal, feature after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may be responsible for for some TBI-related chronic disabilities. Because there are multiple pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies that promote vascular health, TCVI is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention after TBI. The cerebral microvasculature (CMV) ...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is caused by rapid deformation of the brain, resulting in a cascade of pathological events and ultimately neurodegeneration. in vitro models of tbi can help us to describe the pathobiological mechanisms. in vitro models of brain injury support a platform for performing repeatable, well-controlled, environmentally isolated experiments. other advantages of in vitro mo...

to determine the prevalence of pituitary hormone deficiencies after moderate traumatic brain injury (tbi). we conducted a prospective cohort and included 75 patients with moderate tbi with gcs between 9 and 13 who referred to emergency department of shariati hospital, tehran/iran, during 2004-2007. pituitary hormones were assessed 3 and 6 months after injury. in 3rd month post-injury, 39 cases ...

context traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a leading cause of death, disability, and resource consumption per year. there are two kinds of brain injury in tbi, primary and secondary injuries. primary injury refers to the initial physical forces applied to the brain at the moment of impact. secondary injury occurs over a period of hours or days following the initial trauma and results from the acti...