Tuberculosis (TB)/HIV co-infection represents a major problem in many regions of the world, including Romania. TB is a leading cause of death among people infected with HIV and HIV infection is the most important risk factor for progression from latent to active TB. TB can occur at any stage of HIV disease and its manifestations depend on the severity of immunosuppression. The proportion of ext...

BACKGROUND A delay presentation for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient's care (that is late engagement to HIV care due to delayed HIV testing or delayed linkage for HIV care after the diagnosis of HIV positive) is a critical step in the series of HIV patient care continuum. In Ethiopia, delayed presentation (DP) for HIV care among vulnerable groups such as tuberculosis (Tb) /HIV co-infe...

BACKGROUND Indian guidelines recommend routine referral for HIV testing of all tuberculosis (TB) patients in the nine states with the highest HIV prevalence, and selective referral for testing elsewhere. We assessed the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of alternative HIV testing referral strategies among TB patients in India. METHODS AND FINDINGS We utilized a computer model of HIV and ...

BACKGROUND There is a dearth of literature on the impact of TB/HIV co-infection on quality of life (QoL). We conducted a study to assess the change in QoL over a 6-months period and its predictors among HIV-infected patients with and without TB in Ethiopia. METHODS 465 HIV-infected patients without TB and 124 TB/HIV co-infected patients were enrolled in a prospective study in February, 2009. ...

Objective HIV and tuberculosis represent diseases of major public health importance worldwide. Very little is known about HIV-TB coinfection among pregnant women, especially from industrialized settings. In this study, we examined the association between TB, HIV, and HIV-TB coinfection among pregnant mothers and obstetric complications, alcohol use, drug abuse, and depression. Method We exami...

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, this is the first assessment of trends in tuberculosis (TB)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comorbidity in the United States based on national TB surveillance data. METHODS We analyzed all incident TB cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention national TB surveillance system from all 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1993 through...

HIV infection affects 34 million of the world population and Tuberculosis (TB) affects 15 million. The greatest burden of both diseases is in sub Saharan Africa [1]. In high HIV prevalence countries in sub Saharan Africa TB notifications have increased over 20 years from 1990 to 2009 [2]. According to the WHO world report in 2009, HIV associated TB cases accounted for 78% of the total cases in ...

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in the context of HIV co-infection remains challenging. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and neopterin have been validated as potential biomarkers for TB diagnosis. Latent infection (LTBI) is diagnosed using tuberculin skin test (TST) interferon gamma release assays (T-Spot QuantiFERON gold tests, respectively). However, these tests shown challenges yet di...

OBJECTIVE Universal HIV testing of tuberculosis (TB) patients, defined as testing greater than 80% of incident cases, has been recommended but not achieved in Canada. The objectives of this study were: i) to assess the success of an 'opt-out' approach, whereby HIV testing is routine unless the patient specifically chooses otherwise, and ii) to determine the risk factors for HIV in patients test...