MOTIVATION Retrocopies are important genes in the genomes of almost all higher eukaryotes. However, the annotation of such genes is a non-trivial task. Intronless genes have often been considered to be retroposed copies of intron-containing paralogs. Such categorization relies on the implicit premise that alignable regions of the duplicates should be long enough to cover exon-exon junctions of ...

SUMMARY Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of submucosal segment of intravesical ureter. It Usually classified as "simple" and "ectopic" ureterocele. The simple or adult type has less clinical significance. The most common clinical presentation of ureterocele is recurrent urinary tract infection. Although it may present with other features such as: Sepsis, abdominal pain, failure to thrive, n...

Most multiprocessor taskgraph scheduling algorithms are variations of the priority list scheduling approach where interprocessor communication-overheads are ignored. An alternative is duplication-based scheduling, where tasks are duplicated on multiple processors to reduce inter-processor traffic. However, these strategies are more suitable for taskgraphs with a certain structure exhibiting a h...

The reproductive ground plan hypothesis (RGPH) proposes that the physiological pathways regulating reproduction were co-opted to regulate worker division of labor. Support for this hypothesis in honeybees is provided by studies demonstrating that the reproductive potential of workers, assessed by the levels of vitellogenin (Vg), is linked to task performance. Interestingly, contrary to honeybee...