This study describes the use of communication strategies in a synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) environment and examine whether task type has an influence on the frequency and variety of communication strategies (CS) used in this environment. To this end, use of CSs in three different communicative task types: jigsaw, decision-making and opinion-exchange were examined, based on ...

This paper presents the use of phone mapping for acoustic modeling of a language with limited training data. In this approach, we use well-trained acoustic models of a source language to generate acoustic scores for each feature vector of the target language. These scores are then mapped to the posteriors of context-dependent triphones of the target language using a limited amount of training d...

This sequential explanatory mixed methods design study aimed to investigate the beliefs of English Language Teaching (ELT) prospective teachers about using target language (L2) at macro and micro-levels in as a foreign (EFL) classrooms addition some scaffolding strategies minimize their native (L1) use. Furthermore, whether being experienced teaching abroad made differences (PTs) were examined....

While a language model for recognition of spoken dialogue is ideally built from a very large, specific-task-oriented corpus, a great amount of time and effort is required to develop such a corpus, and this involves both the audio recording and written transcription of large amounts of speech data. Training data for a language model should match the target task in both topic and style. What is n...

This paper describes a test collection (benchmark data) for retrieval systems driven by spoken queries. This collection was produced in the subtask of the NTCIR-3 Web retrieval task, which was performed in a TREC-style evaluation workshop. The search topics and document collection for the Web retrieval task were used to produce spoken queries and language models for speech recognition, respecti...