Background & Aim: Tanacetum is a member of Asteraceae family and its twelve species such as Tanacetum walteri are endemic to Iran. In this investigation, chemical compounds and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Tanacetum turcomanicum (Krash.) and Tanacetum walteri (C.Winkl.) were studied. Experimental: The pla...

background: many natural products from plants have been recognized to exert anticancer activity. in this study, ethanolic extracts of selected medicinal herbs from iranian flora including alyssum homolocarpum fisch. (from seeds), urtica dioica l. (from aerial parts), cichorium intybus l. (from roots) and solanum nigrum l. (from fruits), were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect on different cel...

Mechanisms that allow for the coexistence of two competing species that share a trophic level can be broadly divided into those that prevent competitive exclusion of one species within a local area, and those that allow for coexistence only at a regional level. While the presence of aphid-tending ants can change the distribution of aphids among host plants, the role of mutualistic ants has not ...

Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), a major weed causing economic, environmental, and human and animal health problems in Australia and several countries in Asia, Africa, and the PaciÞc, has been a target for biological control in Australia since the mid-1970s. Nine species of insects and two rust fungi have been introduced as biological control agents into Australia. These include Carmen...

The Palaearctic species of the Gasteruption assectator aggregate (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) are revised and three species are recognised. Two species are re-instated: Gasteruption boreale (Thomson, 1883), stat. n. and Gasteruption nigritarse (Thomson, 1883), stat. n., and both are excluded from the synonymy with Gasteruption assectator (Linnaeus, 1758). The general distribution of both speci...

Three-valued logics belong to a family of nonclassical logics that started to flourish in the 1920s and 1930s, following the work of ( Lukasiewicz, 1920), and earlier insights coming from Frege and Peirce (see (Frege, 1879), (Frege, 1892), (Fisch and Turquette, 1966)). All of them were moved by the idea that not all sentences need be True or False, but that some sentences can be indeterminate i...

The Hamiltonian character of the ray tracing equations describing the propagation of the Lower Hybrid Wave (LHW) in a magnetic confined plasma device (tokamak) is investigated in order to study the evolution of the parallel wave number along the propagation path. The chaotic diffusion of the “time-averaged” parallel wave number at higher values (with respect to that launched by the antenna at t...

Radix Astragali has been an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over 2000 years. It is derived from two plant species, namely, Astragalus mongholicus [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao] and Astragalus membranaceus [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.] (Leguminosae), according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. In this study,...