the main purpose of this study was to analyze the problems of water user associations (wuas) in the irrigation management transfer (imt) process. the study is based upon a descriptive-correlational research method. the statistical population of the study consisted of 2500 farmers in wuas. a sample of 262 farmers was selected using “random sampling” method. data were collected through questionna...

in order to study the effect of planting date on duration of phenological periods in wheat cultivars, a randomized compelet block design experiment with four replications was conducted in gorgan university of agricultural science and natural resources research station. the factors were eight sowing dates (14 december, 20 january, 18 february, 20 march, 16 april, 21 may, 30 july and 6 august) an...

High-molecular weight (HMW (glutenin subunits are encoded by the Glu-1 loci (Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and <sp...

recently, tan spot disease of wheat caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis(died.) drechsler has become very important disease in northern parts of iran and causes severe yield loss. although the anamorph of the fungus has been reported previously on infected leaves from mazandaran province (forotan et al., 1995), but there is no report on mass production of conidia in laboratory and the teleomo...

introductiondue to shortage of fresh water resources, the quality of impounded water behind the dams becomemore important than how it was previously as a source of fresh water resource. thermal regime anddissolved oxygen concentration are factors that affect the quality of water reservoirs.many lakes show vertical stratification of their water masses, at least for some extended timeperiods. the...

introduction the pollution of the aquatic environment with heavy metals and trace elements has become a worldwide problem during recent years, because they are indestructible and most of them have toxic effects on organisms. potentially toxic elements (ptes) added to an aquatic system by anthropogenic and natural sources are distributed during their transport between different compartments of a...

background and objectives: septoria leaf blotch disease (stb) caused by the fungus mycosphaerella graminicola (fuckel) j. schroeter (anamorph: septoria tritici roberge), is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat in the world, that its worldwide damage in outburst years is about 30 to 50 per cent. the pathogen is a bipolar heterotallic ascomycete that its sexual life cycle is repea...

1. introduction current statistical methods may be unable to accurately predict recurrence intervals of rare, large magnitude floods. the usual procedure involves extrapolation from gauged hydrological records documenting 30–40 year records of observed (normally small) floods to the estimation of the quantifies and recurrence intervals of very large, rare floods. this conventional approaches be...