OBJECTIVE To determine the predictive validity of some of the commonly employed models of mania and depression using standard drugs i.e. lithium (70 mg/kg) and lamotrigine (5 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. METHODS The depression facet of bipolar disorder was evaluated using forced swim test, tail suspension test, and chronic mild stress test. The models used to evaluate the mania facet of bipola...

background: the present study investigated the effects of gallic acid (ga) administration on trimethyltin chloride (tmt) induced anxiety, depression, and hippocampal neurodegeneration in rats. materials and methods: in this experimental study, the rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of tmt (8 mg/kg). the animals received either ga (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) or saline as the vehicle for...

Recent studies have demonstrated neuroinflammation and increased cytokine levels are associated with depression. Aware of the efficacy the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity of proanthocyanidin, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of proanthocyanidin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. In depressive behavior tests, the ...

PURPOSE The effects of creatine and exercise on chronic stress-induced depression are unclear. In the present study, we identified the effects of 4-week supplementation of creatine monohydrate and/or exercise on antidepressant behavior and raphe 5-HT expression in a chronic mild stress-induced depressed mouse model. METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n=48) were divided randomly into 5 ...

We evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of kaempferitrin (Km) isolated from the plant Justicia spicigera (Asteraceae), which is used in traditional medicine for relieving emotional disorders, such as "la tristeza" (sadness or dysthymia) and "el humor" (mood changes). The actions of Km were evaluated in a forced swimming test (FST) and a suspension tail test (TST) in mice. We explored the in...

Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used as antidepressant. However, its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of duloxetine in the mouse forced swimming test (FST) and in the tail suspension test (TST) and the involvement of the NMDA receptors and the l-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in its effect in the FST. Duloxetine...

BACKGROUND Clinically used antidepressants suffer from various side effects. Therefore, we searched for a safe antidepressant with minimal side effects among food ingredients that are distributed to the brain. Here, we focused on ERGO (ergothioneine), which is a hydrophilic antioxidant and contained at high levels in edible golden oyster mushrooms. ERGO is a typical substrate of carnitine/organ...

Accumulating evidence implicates that subchronic arsenic exposure causes cerebral neurodegeneration leading to behavioral disturbances relevant to psychiatric disorders. However, there is still little information regarding the influence of subchronic exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water on mood disorders and its underlying mechanisms in the cerebral prefrontal cortex. The aim of this...

Alpha (α)-asarone is one of the main psychoactive compounds, present in Acorus species. Evidence suggests that the α-asarone possess an antidepressant-like activity in mice. However, the exact dose-dependent effect of α-asarone and mechanism(s) involved in the antidepressant-like activity are not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effect of α-asarone and the underl...

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that naringenin produced antidepressant-like action in tail suspension test (TST). However, the underlying mechanisms involved in neurotrophin system by which naringenin works have not been investigated. The present study extends earlier works on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in regulating the antidepressant-like action...