monoamine oxidase (ec, 1.4.3.4) or amine oxidoreductase catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines. abnormal action of the monoamine oxidase b has been associated with neurological dysfunctions including parkinson´s disorder. monoamine oxidase b inhibitors divulged that these agents were effective in the therapeutic management of parkinson's disease. understanding the interaction of...

We report the synthesis, binding kinetics, optical spectroscopy and predicted binding modes of a series of sterically demanding, fluorescent norepinephrine transporter (NET) ligands. A series of bulky stilbazolium dyes, including six newly synthesized compounds, were evaluated to determine the effect of extending the molecular probes' 'heads' or 'tails'. Taking advantage of the dyes' charact...

CCR4-NOT is a large protein complex present both in cytoplasm and the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Although it is involved in a variety of distinct processes related to expression of genetic information such as poly(A) tail shortening, transcription regulation, nuclear export and protein degradation, there is only fragmentary information available on some of its nine subunits. Here we show a co...

Histone posttranslational modification leads to downstream effects indirectly by allowing or preventing docking of effector molecules, or directly by changing the intrinsic biophysical properties of local chromatin. To date, little has been done to study posttranslational modifications that lie outside of the unstructured tail domains of histones. Core residues, and in particular arginines in H...

Myosin filaments interact with actin to generate muscle contraction and many forms of cell motility. X-ray and electron microscopy (EM) studies have revealed the general organization of myosin molecules in relaxed filaments, but technical difficulties have prevented a detailed description. Recent studies using improved ultrastructural and image analysis techniques are overcoming these problems....

Today robotic creatures’ development has been utilized for several purposes. There have been inventions about animalliked aquatic robots, however few works were found relating to the study of full behavioral movement of aquatic animals; anguilliform, carangiform, subcarangiform and thunniform. This paper presents a study and design of a robotic fish that simulate locomotion pattern of aquatic a...

The Nef protein of HIV-1 downregulates the cell surface co-receptor CD4 by hijacking the clathrin adaptor complex AP-2. The structural basis for the hijacking of AP-2 by Nef is revealed by a 2.9 Å crystal structure of Nef bound to the α and σ2 subunits of AP-2. Nef binds to AP-2 via its central loop (residues 149-179) and its core. The determinants for Nef binding include residues that directly...

The interaction of cytoplasmic dynein with its cargoes is thought to be indirectly mediated by dynactin, a complex that binds to the dynein intermediate chain. However, the roles of other dynein subunits in cargo binding have been unknown. Here we demonstrate that dynein translocates rhodopsin-bearing vesicles along microtubules. This interaction occurs directly between the C-terminal cytoplasm...

cross docking is a logistic strategy that plays the role of a middle knot in distribution network in the provision process. in logistic part, inventory holding is considered as an important matter in managing costs. not only cross docking reduces the inventory holding cost, but it also reduces the cost of collecting received orders, transportation and duration of sending. the products, which ar...

There is a moral obligation to minimize pain in pigs used for human benefit. In livestock production, pigs experience pain caused by management procedures, e.g., castration and tail docking, injuries from fighting or poor housing conditions, "management diseases" like mastitis or streptococcal meningitis, and at parturition. Pigs used in biomedical research undergo procedures that are regarded ...