Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity in human skeletal muscle correlates with insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate (M) and is reduced in insulin-resistant subjects. We have previously reported reduced insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity associated with reduced fasting glycogen synthase phosphatase activity in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant Pima Indians. In this study ...

The interactions between pig heart citrate synthase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase or cytosolic malate dehydrogenase were studied using the frontal analysis method of gel filtration and by precipitation in polyethylene glycol. This method showed that an interaction between citrate synthase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase occurred but no interaction between citrate synthase and cy...

3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate (KDOP) synthase and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase catalyze similar phosphoenolpyruvate-utilizing reactions. The genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae contains one gene encoding KDOP synthase and one gene encoding DAHP synthase. Of the two nonhomologous DAHP synthase families known, the N. gonorrhoeae protein belongs to the family ...

The effects of insulin on enzymes involved in regulation of glycogen synthesis were investigated in the perfused rat heart. In hearts from normal fed rats, perfusion with insulin (10m8 M) for 5, 10, and 15 min resulted in a 100% increase in the activity of the I (glucose 6-phosphate-independent) form of glycogen synthase. Glycogen synthase activity was completely unresponsive to insulin when he...

The role of increased glucose transport in the hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase by insulin was investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Insulin treatment stimulated glycogen synthase activity 4-5-fold in these cells. Cytosolic glycogen synthase levels decreased by 75% in response to insulin, whereas, conversely, the glycogenolytic agent isoproterenol increased cytosolic enzyme levels by 200%....

The identification of human inflammatory cells that express inducible nitric oxide synthase and the clarification of the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human infectious or inflammatory processes have been elusive. In neutrophil-enriched fractions from urine, we demonstrate a 43-fold increase in nitric oxide synthase activity in patients with urinary tract infections compared with th...

Reduced seed longevity or storability is a major problem in seed storage and contributes to increased costs in crop production. Here we investigated whether seed galactinol contents could be predictive for seed storability behavior in Arabidopsis, cabbage and tomato. The analyses revealed a positive correlation between galactinol content and seed longevity in the three species tested, which ind...

RATIONALE Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective clinical treatment for heart failure patients with conduction delay, impaired contraction, and energetics. Our recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial posttranslational modifications (PTM) may contribute to its benefits, motivating the present study of the oxidative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase. OBJECTIVES W...

Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have determined that Asn68, Asn144, and Asn410 of ovine prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase-1 are N-glycosylated. A fourth consensus N-glycosylation sequence at Asn104 is not glycosylated. Glycosylation of PGH synthase-1 at Asn410 and at either Asn68 or Asn144 was required for expression of both the cyclooxygenase and the peroxidase activities of the en...

The prostanoid pathway converts polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into bioactive lipid mediators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclins, all of which play vital roles in the immune and reproductive systems in most animal phyla. In crustaceans, PUFAs and prostaglandins have been detected and often associated with female reproductive maturation. However, the presence of prost...