INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Therapeutic indication of peripheral facial paralysis depends on the degree of nerve injury. Severe facial palsy (electroneuronographic study less than or equal to 10%) leads to healing with sequelae. The sequelae of facial paralysis are contractures, hemifacial spasm and synkinesis.Our purpose was to demonstrate that these patients could benefit from rehabilitation ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX A) into the orbicularis oculi muscle and lacrimal gland in patients with aberrant regeneration after facial palsy (facial synkinesias and hyperlacrimation). METHODS The effect of the toxin injection (on average 75 mouse units of BTX A) into the orbicularis oculi muscle on facial synkinesias was assessed on a fiv...

BACKGROUND Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) is commonly treated by various physical therapy strategies and devices, but there are many questions about their efficacy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate physical therapies for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial palsy). SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The...

Bolaamphiphiles ("bola") are compounds with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic head groups at both ends. The head groups as well as the hydrophobic core may be functional in nonsymmetric arrangements. One end group may, for example, be bound to a solid subphase, the other may dissolve and react with solutes in the bulk water phase. The hydrophobic core may contain reactive C=C double bonds. If ...

IMPORTANCE Understanding the prevalence and clinical features of eyelid malpositions in facial nerve palsy (FNP) may inform proper management of patients with FNP and supplement our knowledge of eyelid physiology. OBJECTIVE To describe eyelid malposition in FNP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this retrospective cohort study, patients with FNP seen at the Center for Advanced Facial Pla...

The neuroendocrine control of reproduction in mammals is governed by a neural hypothalamic network of nearly 1500 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreting neurons that modulate the activity of the reproductive axis across life. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by partial or complete pubertal failure. HH may result from inadequate ...

Rhythmic movements of the upper eyelids are infrequent manifestations of brain-stem disease. Gowers (1879) noted the close coordination between movements of the upper lids and eyeballs in vertical nystagmus. He attributed this coordinated movement to the natural synkinesis of the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles; this clinical observation was later verified electrophysio...