The isobole is well established and commonly used in the quantitative study of agonist drug combinations. This article reviews the isobole, its derivation from the concept of dose equivalence, and its usefulness in providing the predicted effect of an agonist drug combination, a topic not discussed in pharmacology textbooks. This review addresses that topic and also shows that an alternate meth...

BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE This review deals with publications concerning the mode of action of Bt proteins and their potential synergism with extrinsic factors. The aim was to assess the impact of those factors especially regarding selectivity and efficacy of Bt toxins and to discuss possible gaps in current risk assessment of genetically engineered plants expressing Bt toxins. MAIN FEATURES...

A series of experiments evaluated the antileukemic effect of an agent which elevates cellular cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterase. When ad ministered alone, theophylline had only modest antileukemic effects, but it had synergistic effects when administered with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 -nitrosourea. This synergism produced an improved therapeutic index in...

A series of experiments evaluated the antileukemic effect of an agent which elevates cellular cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels by phosphate levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterase. When administered alone, theophylline had only modest antileukemic effects, but it had synergistic effects when administered with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. This synergism produced an improved th...

Various concepts of interaction are reconsidered in light of a su¢ cient-component cause framework. Conditions and statistical tests are derived for the presence of synergism within su¢ cient causes. The conditions derived are su¢ cient but not necessary for the presence of synergism. In the context of monotonic e¤ects, but not in general, the conditions which are derived are closely related bu...

We investigated several lipophilic drugs with a polycyclic structure for their effect on the net uptake of vincristine in vincristine-resistant P388 leukemia cells. Fourteen of 23 agents promoted vincristine uptake in the resistant cells. The net increase in vincristine uptake was caused by prevention of its outward transport rather than by stimulation of inward transport. Some of these drugs, ...

In silico approaches are increasingly considered to improve breast cancer treatment. One of these treatments, neoadjuvant TFAC chemotherapy, is used in cases where application of preoperative systemic therapy is indicated. Estimating response to treatment allows or improves clinical decision-making and this, in turn, may be based on a good understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. E...

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) regulates immune responses by inducing proliferation and differentiation of T-cells into cytotoxic cells, inducing lymphokine activated killer activity and enhancing antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Lym-1, a monoclonal antibody, recognizes a membrane antigen present on the surface of B-lymphoma cells and can be used for ADCC. We therefore used Raji (human Bu...