No more famous slogan has been invented for the essential components of architectural values than Vitruvius’s famous three of utilitas (function? commodity? utility?), firmitas (solidity? materiality?), and venustas (beauty? delight? desire?). Despite the famous attempts to fix the meaning of the three terms, it is evident that their location within the Vitruvian ‘triad’ has cast a spell over a...

This study aims to explore the application of STEM-I (STEM-Imagination) project-based learning activities and its effects on the effectiveness, processes, and characteristics of STEM integrative knowledge learning and imagination development for female high school students. A total of 72 female high school students were divided into 18 teams. Students were provided with a place to discuss, shar...

In the early modern era the notion of imagination was made responsible for phenomena which were later explained in terms of embryology, genetics, psychology, bacteriology or other scientific disciplines. Images, often seated in the upper abdomen (hypochondriac region) or the womb (hysteria), were regarded as powerful influences on material reality. In the course of the seventeenth and eighteent...