Meta-programming is the act of using one system or language to reason about another one. Reflection describes systems that have access to and change a causally connected representation of themselves, hence leading to self-extensible systems. In reflective languages, only one language is used, while in meta-programming two languages play a role (the base language and the meta language). In this ...

Chlorella sorokiniana IAM C-212 produces a polysaccharide gel, termed a sheath, under photoautotrophic conditions. The C. sorokiniana sheath is a suitable habitat for several symbiotic microorganisms because it ensures close proximity between the C. sorokiniana and symbionts. In this study, we established a method for increasing the volume of the sheath produced by C. sorokiniana, and proposed ...

Ethylene and its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) actively participate in plant developmental, defense and symbiotic programs. In this sense, ethylene and ACC play a central role in the regulation of bacterial colonization (rhizospheric, endophytic, and phyllospheric) by the modulation of plant immune responses and symbiotic programs, as well as by modulating several developmen...

The effect of Bradyrhizobium-legume symbiosis on plant growth, toxicological variables and Cu bioaccumulation was studied in white lupin and soybean plants treated with 1.6, 48, 96 and 192 μM Cu. In both species, those plants grown in the presence of root nodule-forming symbiotic Bradyrhizobium showed less root and shoot growth reduction, plus greater translocation of Cu to the shoot, than thos...

ion of the morphism 〈u, v〉 in the subscone from 〈S,m,A〉⊗̃〈S1,m1, A1〉 to 〈S2,m2, A2〉 is then the pair 〈ẽ2 ◦ ũ,Λ(v)〉 given by the diagram: S  m // ũ ## Λ(u◦e.1) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 |A|

Decreased biological nitrogen fixation in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has been attributed directly to toxicity of glyphosate or its metabolites, to N2-fixing microorganisms. As a strong metal chelator, glyphosate could influence symbiotic N2 fixation by lowering the concentration of nickel (Ni) that is essential for the symbiotic microorganisms. Evaluation of different cultivars grown on...

A mutant, USDA 206C, of Rhizobium fredii USDA 206 was obtained by passage on acridine plates. This mutant was cured of its 197-megadalton Sym plasmid but retained its symbiotic effectiveness. Multiple plasmid and chromosomally borne nif gene copies have previously been shown in R. fredii USDA 206. HindIII and EcoRI restriction enzyme digests of plasmid and total DNA showed that at least two nif...

The theoretical foundation and empirical thrust of strategic management is largely grounded in competition, competitive positioning and competitive advantage. It is ironic then that symbiotic mutualism a relationship between individuals of different species, in which both derive benefit may be more prevalent among surviving firms than zero-sum competition and may be a more potent selective forc...

A bacteria-free monoxenic culture of Paramecium bursaria has been established. Chlorogonium elongatum was used as the sole food source and large numbers of easily maintained P. bursaria were obtained. Additional enhancement of the growth of P. bursaria was achieved by supplementing the culture medium with soybean lecithin. The ability of monoxenically cultured P. bursaria to re-establish its sy...

We report the first result from our survey of rapid variability in symbiotic binaries: the discovery of a persistent oscillation at P = 1682.6±0.6 s in the optical emission from the prototype symbiotic, Z Andromedae. The oscillation was detected on all 8 occasions on which the source was observed over a timespan of nearly a year, making it the first such persistent periodic pulse found in a sym...