introduction: the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of low-level neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag) laser irradiation on orthodontic tooth movement and histological examination. methods: eleven male wistar rats (aged 10 weeks) were included. to produce experimental tooth movement in rats, 10 g force was applied to maxillary first molars with nickel titanium closed coil...

Previous work has studied the use of interval representations in XCS to allow its use in continuous-valued environments. Here we compare the speed of learning of continuous-valued versions of ZCS and XCS with a simple model of an online environment.

introduction: the penetration depth of irrigating solutions in dentinal tubules is limited; consequently, bacteria can remain inside dentinal tubules after the cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. therefore, new irrigation systems are required to increase the penetration depth of irrigating solutions in dentinal tubules. methods: a comparative study regarding the penetration depth of ...

A novel fourth-order voltage-mode switched-capacitor bandpass ∆Σ modulator, using direct-charge-transfer pseudo-N-path resonators, is described. This modulator is insensitive to component mismatches and finite opamp bandwidth, and is also less sensitive to finite opamp gain than previous bandpass ∆Σ data converters. It is therefore suitable for high-speed communications applications.

A simple algebraic approach to synthesis Fibonacci Switched Capacitor Converters (SCC) is analyzed and the expected losses are estimated. The proposed approach reduces the power losses by increasing the number of target voltages. The synthesized Fibonacci SCC is compatible with the binary SCC and uses the same switch network. This feature is extremely beneficial since it provides the option to ...