OBJECTIVES Sepsis induces microvascular alterations that may play an important role in the development of organ dysfunction. However, the relationship of these alterations to systemic variables and outcome is still not well defined. We investigated which factors may influence microcirculatory alterations in patients with severe sepsis and whether these are independently associated with mortalit...

INTRODUCTION Venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (Pv-aCO2) may reflect the adequacy of blood flow during shock states. We sought to test whether the development of Pv-aCO2 during the very early phases of resuscitation is related to multi-organ dysfunction and outcomes in a population of septic shock patients resuscitated targeting the usual oxygen-derived and hemodynamic parameters. ...

A clinically relevant rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model would be a valuable tool for investigating pathophysiological and therapeutic strategies on bypass. Previous rat CPB models have been described in the literature; however, they have many limitations, including large circuit surface area, the inability to achieve full bypass, and donor blood requirements for prime. Therefore, we have e...

different from the adult circulation. In the fetus, gas exchange does not occur in the lungs but in the placenta. The placenta must therefore receive deoxygenated blood from the fetal systemic organs and return its oxygen rich venous drainage to the fetal systemic arterial circulation. In addition, the fetal cardiovascular system is designed in such a way that the most highly oxygenated blood i...

OBJECTIVE The ability of the right ventricle to tolerate acute pulmonary regurgitation (PR) following tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair is variable and the mechanisms that underlie this are not completely understood. We hypothesise that dyssynchronous wall mechanics affects the RV tolerance to postoperative PR with adverse effect on early surgical outcome. METHODS Twenty-four TOFs (mean age 19...

a survey of tissue oxygenation differences in intensive care patients with blood transfusion     haghighimoghadamy [1] *, valizadeh ma [2] , feizi a [3]     received: 26 dec, 2011 accepted: 7 mar, 2012     abstract   background & aims : greater than 75% patient that hospitalized in intensive care units has anemia. blood transfusion in icu is not recently and about 40-70% patients in intensive c...

BACKGROUND Isovolemic anemia results in improved gas exchange in rabbits with normal lungs but in relatively poorer gas exchange in rabbits with whole-lung atelectasis. In the current study, the authors characterized the effects of hemodilution on gas exchange in a distinct model of diffuse lung injury: venous gas embolization. METHODS Twelve anesthetized rabbits were mechanically ventilated ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury is a lung pathology that presents frequently on the intensive care unit. Chest physiotherapy, in the form of endotracheal suction, alternate side-lying and manual hyperinflation, is usually given to patients with this condition with the intention of removing retained pulmonary secretions and recruiting collapsed distal lung units. Despite this common pra...

Background. Innovative advances in cardiac surgery to reduce the negative impact of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) require a comprehensive solution. The ultimate questions present interest remain prevention hypoxia, composition priming volume oxygenator, state erythrocytes and their energy potential, level hemolysis, pathogenetic approach correction electrolytes during perfusion, as well biocompa...

THE USE of cardiopulmonary bypass has enabled the delivery complex cardiovascular surgical procedures. Cardiopulmonary (CPB), at its best, involves a highly technical process that is executed carefully through interaction among surgeon, an anesthesiologist, and perfusionist. More than decade ago, early practice was to review literature summarize best practices based on published evidence began ...