Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne disease of major importance in Asia. Recent increases in cases have spawned the development of more stringent JE surveillance. Due to the difficulty of making a clinical diagnosis, increased tracking of common symptoms associated with JE-generally classified as the umbrella term, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) has been developed in many countries....

Weed control through crop rotation has mainly been studied in a nonspatial context. However, weed seeds are often spread beyond the crop field by a variety of vectors. For weed control to be successful, weed management should thus be evaluated at the landscape level. In this paper we assess how seed dispersal affects the interactions between crop rotation and landscape heterogeneity schemes wit...

Understanding the relationships between ecosystem services is important for promoting ecosystem service management and sustainable development. The relationships between ecosystem services have commonly been characterized as tradeoffs and synergies. Here, we report that a third type of relationship also exists, in which one ecosystem service constrains the other. Selecting the grassland and agr...

This article provides summary data regarding tea production in Assam, India. Questionnaires were completed by tea producers and focus group discussions undertaken with tea workers. These data are presented for the four main tea growing regions of the state (Cachar, North Bank, South Bank and Upper Assam). Tables detail tea production characteristics of the tea plantations for both large- (> 10 ...

The paper illustrates the potentials of geospatial data to access a historical digital atlas for landscape analysis and territorial government. The experience of a historical geo-portal, the “Atl@nte dei Catasti Storici,” in the management of geo-referenced and non-geo-referenced maps—ancient cadastral and topographic maps of the Lombardy Region—can be considered a case study with common aspect...

Possibilities of the assessment of a landscape with the use of succession development stages, monitored with the value of the Mean Individual Biomass (MIB) of carabid beetles and the occurrence of bird species are discussed on the basis of an example from Poland. Higher variability of the MIB value in space signifies a greater biodiversity. Apart from the variability of MIB, it is suggested to ...

The Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of northern Alaska consists of an extremely low gradient, lake-rich landscape that is characterized by a complex network of aquatic habitats and surface features strongly influenced by permafrost dynamics. Much is unknown about the form, function, and ecological conditions in this unique hydrologic setting. Amplified climate change and landscape responses in the A...

In 1995, the Philippines officially adopted Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) as its strategy for sustainable forest management in recognition of the urgent need to put “social fences” in open access forests and forest lands. CBFM was conceptualized to partly respond to the issue of the state as being the biggest “absentee landlord” by recognizing de-facto resource management of communit...

urban growth and associated landscape transformation has been a major driver of local, regionaland global environmental change. the conversion of urban greenery to impervious landscapes has been identifiedas a key factor influencing the distinctive urban heat and associated consequences. due to the often highdemand for space in urban areas, creation and preservation of urban greenery as heat si...