in order to achieve sustainable development, nowadays, many countries have been paying attention to bottom-up planning and planning for smallest urban :union:s (residential communities). this paper aims to promote sustainability level of sarab and sajjad residential communities and provide appropriate solutions for promoting quality of these communities. the results related to indicators of the...

The rapid development of urban ‘sprawl’ surrounding many North American cities has many potentially detrimental effects including enhanced energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from increasing private vehicle use. Over the past 5 years in Canada a number of studies have been undertaken to address transportation-related energy consumption with the view to formulating relevant policies ...

islamic and iranian cities, both, east and west, know the physical monuments of islamic culture1 based on one of the features of the islamic cities. meanwhile, other religious centers, including tkaya, hosseiniyeh and hospice is not the case to considerate, while these elements cause to shape group behavior, strengthen social ties and strengthening of cultural integration, have always played a ...

urban design is a multidisciplinary field, consisting of both science and art. the physical aspect together with the non-physical aspects related to human – like meaning and function – along with the presence of human beings, make a successful and dynamic place to be used by people in a good way. undoubtedly, culture as a response of a society to its requirements and a means to ensure the quali...

Green infrastructure ameliorates the urban heat island effect, contributes positively to liveability and enables sustainability in higher density urban environments. Greenskins (living architectures) are a more specific form of green infrastructure, including green walls and green roofs, for dense urban areas. These offer a new approach for sustainable urban biophilia and some forms can be buil...

The extent to which the 21st Century world will be "sustainable" depends in large part on the sustainability of cities. Early ideas on implementing sustainability focused on concepts of achieving stability, practicing effective management and the control of change and growth-a "fail-safe" mentality. More recent thinking about change, disturbance, uncertainty, and adaptability is fundamental to ...

Growing populations and rapid worldwide urbanization are recognized as constituting one of the most complex processes in the world and have raised concerns about the sustainability of cities. Sustainable development, a widely accepted strategic framework in city planning, singles out urban green spaces as a primary solution for addressing these issues. Growing empirical evidences indicate that ...

The world has been urbanizing for centuries (United Nations 2001; United Nations Centre for Human Settlements [1996] 2000). While some scholars note a decline in the significance of space and distance as the result of telecommunications advancements and globalization (Cairncross 2001), other thinkers point to the continuing, if not increasing, importance of proximity and multiple benefits of ur...