In recent years, many researchers in the programming language and formal methods communities have been investigating weakest precondition (WP) semantics for object-oriented (OO) programs. Based on a modified version of Separation Logic, OO Separation Logic, we develop in this article a WP semantics for an OO language with most important object-oriented features including subtypes, visibility, i...

Two of the most popular forms of protein on the market are whey and casein. Both proteins are derived from milk but each protein differs in absorption rate and bioavailability, thus it is possible that each type of protein may contribute differently to the adaptations elicited through resistance training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of ingestion...

Transcription of the six Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA genes is coordinately regulated, being driven by either the Cp promoter, which is encoded within the unique region just upstream of the EBV major internal repeat (IR-1), or by the Wp promoter, which is encoded within the IR-1 repeat and thus present in multiple copies. Previous analyses of Cp- and Wp-initiated transcription have identified ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of color contrast on luminance discrimination. Observers were required to indicate the more intense of two stimuli presented briefly in a surround. In some conditions the two stimuli were the same chromaticity as the surround, while in other conditions the stimuli differed in chromaticity from the surround. The luminance of the fixed test ...

The responses of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) to stimulation of their receptive field (RF) are modulated by stimuli in the RF surround. This modulation is suppressive when the stimuli in the RF and surround are of similar orientation, but less suppressive or facilitatory when they are cross-oriented. Similarly, in human vision surround stimuli selectively suppress the perceived contras...

he increased use of sound systems comprising more than two channels has given a vast number of possibilities for producers, editors and consumers to create and/or alter the sound image finally reproduced at the consumer's end of the chain. It is empirically and experimentally known that this sound image is able to give the listener an improved feeling of presence and more directional cues. It i...

Traditional uses of virtual audio environments tend to focus on perceptually accurate acoustic representations. Though spatialization of sound sources is important, it is necessary to leverage control of the sonic representation when considering musical applications. The proposed framework allows for the creation of perceptually immersive scenes that function as musical instruments. Loudspeaker...

Physicochemical and insecticidal properties of fenitrothion microcapsule (MC) as a new residual spraying formulation for mosquito control were studied. The wall staining after treatment with MC at the rate of 1-2 g AI/m2 was not noticeable as compared with that of wettable powder (WP). Covering rate with MC on a vertical wall was almost the same as WP and emulsifiable concentrate (EC) when the ...

Soil carbon (C) in three Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) agroforestry systems, afforestation (Ginkgo alone; G), and an agricultural cropping system were compared over a five-year period. The agroforestry systems were Ginkgo + Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) + Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.; GWP); Ginkgo + Mulberry (Morus alba L.; GM); and Ginkgo + Rapa (Brassica napus L.) + Peanut (GRP). The agricultural s...