Macular edema (ME) represents a common final pathway of many intraocular and systemic diseases, which characterized by the accumulation of extracellular fluid in Henle’s layer and the inner nuclear layer of the retina. ME can cause severe visual disturbances and be considered to be multifactorial and difficult to treat. It may be most commonly seen following diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascul...

Polyotia is an extremely rare type of the auricular malformation that is characterized by a large accessory ear. A 3-year-old girl presented to us with bilateral auricular abnormalities and underwent two-stage corrective operation for polyotia. In this report, we present the surgical details and postoperative outcomes of polyotia correction in the patient. Relevant literature is reviewed.

The treatment strategy of colonic injuries is a debatable and highly controversial subject worldwide in various medical centers. The method of treatment of left and .. right colonic injuries, diversity or similarity in their management and particularly differences between the treatment of war-associated injury from other types of colonic damage are among the unsettled issues. The present s...

statement of the problem: trigeminal neuralgia (tn) presents with a shooting pain in maxillofacial region which compels the involved patients to visit many medical and dental physicians to relieve the pain. hence, assessing the outcomes of different treatment modalities may help the patients and their clinicians choose a suitable practical method of treatment.  purpose: the study was aimed to e...

Background and Aim: Generally, in patients with cervical cancer, careful preliminary evaluation is necessary for avoiding improper surgical procedures and making effective clinical decisions for treatment. The aim of this study was to determine surgeons’ errors, which necessitate a combination of surgery and radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients.    Methods: In this retrospective study, med...