In many urban areas, groundwater has been exploited neglecting to wet and dry periods owing to of surface water deficit. In this study, using the percent of normal rainfall index, 36 year (1971-2008) were studied and a drought event and a wet event were determined. The reason to choose two consecutive years is the effect of early wet period on groundwater quality. Physicochemical characteristic...

As abrasive water jet (AWJ) starts to be used in industry, especially in aerospace and automotive industries extensively, getting high quality surface has become a major requirement. Being a promising non-traditional cutting process, AWJ is holding several deficiencies, which limits its extensive applications dramatically. One of the deficiencies is striation marks presented on AWJ cutting surf...

This research was carried out using multivariate statistical techniques for analyzing the quality of water and monitoring the variables affecting its quality in Gharasou river, in Ardabil province in northwest of Iran. During a year, 28 physical and chemical parameters were sampled in 11 stations. Results of these measurements were analyzed by multivariate procedures such as Principal Component...

Concern has been raised in the scientific literature about the environmental implications of extracting natural gas from deep shale formations, and published studies suggest that shale gas development may affect local groundwater quality. The potential for surface water quality degradation has been discussed in prior work, although no empirical analysis of this issue has been published. The pot...

It is widely known that watershed hydrology is dependent on many factors, including land use, climate, and soil conditions. But the relative impacts of different types of land use on the surface water are yet to be ascertained and quantified. This research attempted to use a comprehensive approach to examine the hydrologic effects of land use at both a regional and a local scale. Statistical an...

The current emphasis on sustainable agricultural systems has led to a renewed interest in the use of cover crops to reduce soil erosion losses and retain soluble nutrients during the dormant season. Cover crop choices include a broad range of plant material, such as ryegrass (Secufe cereale L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), forage grasses, and legumes. Historically, cover crops were use...

It is very important to evaluate water quality in environment protection. Water environment is a complicated system, traditional methods cannot meet the demands of water environment protection. In view of the deficiency of the traditional methods, a BP neural network model and a RBF neural network model are proposed to evaluate water quality. The proposed model was applied to evaluate the water...

The application of different multivariate statistical approaches for the interpretation of a large and complex data matrix obtained during a monitoring program of surface waters in Northern Greece is presented in this study. The dataset consists of analytical results from a 3-yr survey conducted in the major river systems (Aliakmon, Axios, Gallikos, Loudias and Strymon) as well as streams, trib...

Consumption of fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) has been implicated as the cause of several foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States, most notably in cases of salmonellosis. How the levels of fecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in water relate to the counts of these microorganisms on the tomato fruit surface is unknown, although microbial water quality standards exist for agricultural...

In the assessment of the quality of surface waters, the typical procedure is that the concentration of contaminants in the surface water is monitored and subsequently compared with their respective Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPCs). If the MPCs are not exceeded the water quality is considered to be safe. But can we be certain that this is true? We compared MPCs to observed and calculate...